A. L. Melander.
The Genus Tachydromia.
Psyche 17(2):41-62, 1910.

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PSYCHE
VOL. XVII. APRIL, 1910. No. 2.
THE GENUS TACHYDR0MIA.l
Concerning the application of the generic names Coryneta, Tachy- dromia, Platypalpus, Tachypeza and Tachista of the family Empididae there is much confusion. In his early paper, the Noutelle classifica- tion des mouches a deux ailes, bearing the date 1800, Meigen gives his forty-fourth genus the name Coryneta, describing it as follows. "An- tennes &, deux articulations: la premiere petite, h6riss6e de polls; la seconde conique, termin6e par un poi1 barbu. Trompe perpendicu- laire.
Cuisses des jambes du milieu enfl6es. Le tibia arm6 a l'ex- tremit6 d'un piquant.
Les ailes crois6es."
No species of the genus are mentioned by name, but Meigen states that he has recognized three species. In 1803 in his revision of this paper in Illiger's Magazine, Meigen gave the name Tachydromia to the fifty-second genus, mentioning .however this time two species, cursitans Fabricius and cimicoides Fabricius. His diagnosis of Tachydromia is as follows. "Die Fuhlerhorner vorgestrekkt, zwei- gliederig: das erste Glied becherforinig; das zweite kegel-formig in eine Borste auslaufend. Der Russel senk-recht. Schenkel der Mittelfusse dikk, stachlig.
Die Fliigel flach parallel."
It will be noted that the two descriptions read much alike, which is why Bezzi (in lit.) and Hendel have concluded that both refer to the same genus, and that therefore the older name Coryneta should be given preference. The Nouvelle Classification has been an extremely rare paper. But three copies are known to exist, one at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, a second owned by Professor Hey- den, and another belonging to the late Osten Sacken, and now in the possession of Dr. Hendel. Because of the obscureness of this early paper of Meigen it has been neglected by all writers. Its names are not given in the nomenclators, and even Meigen himself ignored its 1 Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of the State College of Washington. 2 Verhandl. k. k. 2001.-bot. Gesellsch., Wien. 1908. pp. 43-69. 41
J
Pu&e 17:41-63 (1910). hup //psyche cnlclub org/17/17-IMl.htiiil



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42 Psyche [April
existence in his later works, as if ashamed of the curious meaningless names of his first publication. The diagnoses are brief, general and ambiguous, and, since no species are mentioned the identity of the genera would have remained mostly unknown, were it not that some of the early descriptions bear a similarity to the corresponding ones of the later paper. In nearly all cases however the generic names of 1800 are entirely different from those Meigen later used. The genera of Meigen's second contribution are well known, as for most of them typical species were cited at the beginning, and their names have been in constant usage for our commonest flies for more than a century. Even by this method of comparison and elimination many of the 1800 genera will never be understood.
This early publication of Meigen remained entirely ignored until Dr. F. Hendel republished it entirely in the Verhandlungen of the Wiener Gesellschaft. If we were to accept his guesses as to the identity of these early genera we would overthrow such well-known names as Ceraiopogon, Odontomyia, Eristalis, etc., as well as the long established type-genera of over a dozen families of diptera. But much of his evidence is insecure. The paper is worthless if not interpreted by Meigen's later works, the date of publication cannot be verified, there is even doubt if the paper was distributed on the date it bears, and nowhere are any species cited, so the genera are i10t true binomial conceptions. This last condition alone should not be followed too closely, for many of Meigen's genera of 1803 and 1804 were likewise published without mention of species.
Naturally to exhume these forgotten names has stirred up much discussion, and in the short interim since Hendel's republishing, there have been a score of opinions given out by various biologists. These opinions are sometimes conflicting but in the main zoologists strongly decry using the law of priority to bolster up such speciesless genera as Meigen's earliest. I shall give a list of the articles that have come to my notice bearing directly or indirectly on the principle of whether or not to adopt the newly disinterred genera. I11 this long parley the concrete example of Meigen's paper has been lost sight of by many of the contributors, and merely the principle has been under discussion, but nevertheless the entire argument outlined below was caused by the appearance of Hendel's reprint. A short digest of the articles will help to correlate the ideas advanced. Professor Aldrich wrote in hopes of squelching Hendel's paper, to



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19101 Melander - The Genus Tachydromia 43 deter others from using the ancient names. Yet Kertksz' last volume of the Catalogus Dipterorum hujusque descriptorum, volume v., 1909, adopts the family name Omphralidae for the Scenopinidae; his Catalogue of palaearctic diptera uses five of the early names in volume ..a
111; while Czerny in a paper on Spanish Diptera has discarded the
family names Scatophagidae and Trypetidae, as he uses for them Meigen's earlier type genera Scopeuma and Euribia, forming thereby the family names Sc'opeumatidae and Euribiidae. However, Czerny does not use Meigen's early Cypsela to replace Borborus, as was ad- vocated in Hendel's reprint.
Volume iii of the palaearctic catalogue has dispensed with the following well known genera on the plea of priority: Ephippium, Oxyceru, Odontmqia, Xylophaw, Haematopota, Subida and Leptis. Surely the dipterist has a bewildering memory-lesson before him. It is strongly to be urged in this period of nomenclatural unrest that writers be not too hasty in adopting the suggestions of Dr. Hendel. The trend of public opinion is that genera without species shall have no place in our system of classification. I11 view of the projected action
of the Committee of the International Congress of Zoologists (see number 23 below), it would be decidedly rash to rush into publications the once-discarded names of 1800.
It would be better to hold in
abeyance any personal desires for Meigen's first names until the Committee can rectify the Code on this question. Such conservatism
may prevent a premature overthrow of the names of our commonest genera, and might spare our overburdened literature from most con- fusing rearrangements of synonyms.
1. Nature, August 27, 1908, pp. 394-395. A- composite letter by British zoologists deploring the fact that a strict adherence to rules sometinies brings unfortunate consequences. 2. N. Banks, Science, xxviii.
Advises others who have rare papers to republish them. 3. S. W. Williston, Manual, 3rd. edit. p. 390, 1908. "Hendel would have deserved the thanks of a long suffering public had he withheld these copies instead of republishing." 4. M. Bezzi, Wiener entorn. Zeit. xxvii. 252, Sept. 1908. Comments on the adoption of the names of 1800 that come in vol. iii. of Kertesz' Catalogue of palaearctic diptera, a course in which, naturally, he approves.
- --
1 Verb. k. I<. zoo1.-lmt. Gesellsc-h., Wien, vol. 59, 1909.



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Psi/che 1 April
J. M. Aldrich, Canad. Ent. xl. 370-373.
Oct. 1908.
Compares resurrecting the 1800 paper to finding some old grant to Indian lands. Every possible objection should be made before accep- ing them; a fla,wless case must be made out and the identification of the older genera is full of flaws. "Let justice be done" exclaims Hendel. To whom? Certainly not to Meigen by accepting this paper.
J. M. Aldrich, Canad. Ent. xl. 432, Nov. 1908. Quotes from Bezzi7s paper (number 4, above) in the Wiener entomo- logische Zeitung. Hendel (number 9, below) says that the quotation is mis-applied.
D. W. Coquillett, Canad. Ent. xl. 457, Dec. 1908. Pleads for the adoption of the early names, citing rules from the code to cover his argument. Does not believe in obstructing the progress of nomenclature by discrediting Hendel's find. P. H. Verrall, British Flies, v. 772, 1909. Meigen's 1800 genera are not legally established. Does not concur
with Coquillett's " aggravated7' pleading (no. 7). I?. Hendel, Wiener entom. Zeit. xxviii. 33-36? Feb. 1909. Discusses the comments in numbers 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. Stability of
nomenclature can be had only by a st,rict adherence to the law of priority. Since Meigen described only genera, but gave the number of species that he knew, and in the preface designated his work as a prodromus of a later work designed to contain only the genera, he can not be said to have carelessly neglected the principles of binary nomen- clature. Hendel states that 39 of the Brachycera genera can be imme- diately recognized from the descriptions alone. The future alone can tell whether the majority of dipterists will decide for continuity or for priority.
T. D. A. Cockerell, Science, xxix. 339, Feb. 26, 1909. Calls for a postal vote of opinions about genera without species. "A
genus without species has no type, no content, and apparently has no place in our systems of classification." J. M. Aldrich, Canad. Ent. xli. 103, March, 1909. In a review of Verra117s British Flies, Aldrich quotes the discovery of certain Chicago historians that the annulment of one of the marriages of King Henry VIII. was invalid, and that, consequently, King Edward VII. is not King of England. This discovery is on a par with the reasoning that Meigenla earliest genera should claim priority. T. D. A. Cockerell, Science, xxix. 813, May 21, 1909. The result of the postal vote (number 10) shows the majority of voters not in favor of resurrecting the names of speciesless genera. A. A. GirauL, Science, xxix. 814, May 21, 1909. A genus described without a species is non-existent. Its name has no
status until some definite type species has been designated. J. A. Allen, Science, xxix. 935, June 11, 1909. 'Prior to 1810 hundreds of genera now in current use were proposed -
solely on the basis of a diagnosis; although they were accepted and



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Melander - The Genus Tachydromia
45
have been in use from the date of their proposal, many of them were without designated types for half a century." "Apparently each case should be dealt with solely on its own merits." F. N. Balch, Science, xxix. 998, June 25, 1909. In a paper, "A Lawyer on the Nomenclature Question" Mr. Balch advocates an International Court with absolute power to settle every- thing nomenclatorial. The priority rule was not intended to be the superstition and incubus it has become. "Questions of nomenclature are of utterly insignificant importance so only that they be settled one way or the other, quickly, definitely, and permanently.'' F. A. Bather, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) iv. 37-42, July, 1909. In an article "Some Common Crinoid Names and the Fixation of Nomenclature," Dr. Bather advocates the establishment of a court of nomenclature.
Wm. H. Dall, Science, xxx. 149, July 30, 1909. Most questions of nomenclature can be answered by a serious study of the Code. For the few other cases he advocates giving the Committee power of decision.
A. N. Caudell, Science, xxx. 210, August 13, 1909. "How can we get a type for a genus where there were no species origi- nally included? "
F. A. Bather, Science, xxx. 341, Sept. 10, 1909. Advocates a Court for the two cases, first, where the application of the Code is obscure, and second, where its application is clear, but the consequences at the same time would be exceedingly unfortunate. J. A. Allen, Science, xxx. 365, Sept. 17, 1909. '(The only point is whether they are good genera or bad genera - in other words whether they are identifiable or unidentifiable from the basis furnished by the original founder." J. Dwight, Jr. Science, xxx. 526, Oct'. 15, 1909. "Zoological nomenclature to-day seems to be little more than an intricate game of names, fascinating sport for its faithful devotees, but an intolerable nuisance for the uninitiated many." "Priority is rather a bog from which the nomenclatorial muck-rakers exhume the fossil remains of a past age." "It is not justice for the dead zoologist that we need so much as justice for the living, and even now the dead get no recognition if they violate the rules of a game unknown in their day."
A. S. Hitchcock, Science, xxx. 597, Oct. 29, 1909. Believes it impractical for a committee to prepare a list of names that will be stable, because of the changing: state of biological knowledge. J. A. Allen, Science, xxx. 596, October 29, 1909. Proposes the following recommendation for the International Com- mittee. "A generic name proposed without mention of any described species is invalid unless it is accompanied by a diagnosis of such a character as to indicate that it is based on a previously known species, or group of species, that can be unequivocally identified as the basis of the diagnosis."
8




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46 Psyche [April
Therefore, instead of worrying over just which of the genera can be identified, it will be vastly better for the present to ignore entirely the Nouvelle Classification. It is absurd rigidly to apply modern rules of nomenclature to the works of the early writers, when as in this instance no good can be subserved, and a most confusing and "com- plete revolution in dipterological nomenclature" would result, a condition that Dr. Hendel seems eagerly to have hoped for. It is commendable to make use of the law of priority when stability and permanence will be guaranteed, but in the present case it is too risky to accept Dr. Hendel's views and make the wholesale changes he has suggested. Dr. Stiles has remark'ed that "neither the commission nor the congress has any power to force zoologists and others to accept the International Rules." I believe that my dipterist fellow workers should feel that one such occasion confronts them, if rules are to be construed, or misconstrued, to bolster up the once-discarded names. With this digression we may disregard the name Coryneta, and take up the name Tachydromia. As just mentioned, Meigen assigned Musca cursitans Fabricius and cimicoides Fabricius to his genus. The first of these was an erroneous determination which was afterwards named major by Zetterstedt. Cimicoides Fabricius is a synonym of arrogans Linneus, but Meigen was confused in his identification here too, as a part of the specimens he thought were cimicoides he afterward described as connexa. Meigen had therefore three species before him, of which two were undescribed, and the third had previously been named arrogans by Linneus. Obviously, according to modern rulings, the type of Tachzjdromia must be selected from these three, and as arrogans was the only described species among Meigen's material, that species would probably be construed as the type. But neither arrogans nor connexa has the middle femora enlarged, nor are their middle tibiae spurred. Therefore they disagree with the only salient point of the diagnosis. For that reason, according to our present ideas, neither would have been selected as the type, and the honor of serving as type of Tachydromia should have been bestowed on Meigen's cursitans (major Zett.). The old genus has been dismembered, the separated genera have received their types, and our present ideals have not been fulfilled, because of the everlasting blundering between personal whims and priority laws.
Article 30 of the Code states: "If the original type of a genus was not indicated, the author who first subdivides the genus may apply the



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19101 Melander - The Genus Tachydromia 47 name of the original genus to such restricted genus or subgenus as may be judged advisable, and such assignment is not subject to subsequent change." Dr. Stiles has given a personal ruling further that "If an author, in publishing a genus with more than one valid species, fails to designate or to indicate its type, any subsequent author may select the type, and such designation is not subject to change." Although
this is a personal opinion its soundness is apparent. With these cita- tions, we may take up the subsequent history of Meigen's Tachy- - dromia.
Meigen's early conception of the genus was the same as our present idea of the subfamily Tachydromiinae, or even the combined sub- families Tachydromiinae and Hemerodromiinae, and in this he was followed by the earlier writers, such as Fallen. In 1822 in the third volunle of the Systematische Beschreibungen Meigen separated from Tachydromia the genera Hemerodromia and Drapetis. The remaining Tachydromias he grouped into two divisions, A and B, with his cimicoides in A. and his cursitans in B, but still retaining all in the genus Tachydromia. Macquart in 1827 bestowed the name Platy- palpus on division B which was the larger group, keeping the name Tachydromia for the first group, but Meigen not knowing this renamed the first division Tachypeza, to retain the original name for the larger division. This change was published in 1830, and later he refused to adopt Macquart's name because he thought his own ideas were better. In a paper in the Zeitschrift fuer Entomologie, published in Breslau in 1863 Loew discussed the question at length and following Meigen discarded the name Platypalpus because it is a poorly formed com- pound of Greek and Latin. For the larger group, or those species related to cursitans, he retained the name Tachydromia. The re- mainder of the genus he subdivided into Tachypeza, Tachista, Dysa- letria, and Phoneutisca, bestowing the name Tachista on those species grouped about cimicoides. The majority of the prominent European dipterists have adopted this view principally out of deference to Meigen and Loew.
The date of publication of the name Platypalpus is certain, and its designation is unquestionable. We have therefore no recourse but to accept it as a valid name. To this genus belongs the cursitans of Meigen's original Tachydromia. Eliminating this species, the cimi- 1 Bull. 24, Hygienic Laboratory, p. 27 (1905) Rule 10.



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48 Psyche [April
coides of Meigen should be the type of the restricted Tachydromia. Coquillett however has designated connexa as the type, forgetting that part of Meigen's cimicoides belonged to Linnaeus' early species arro- guns. This however will not invalidate the limitations of the restricted Tachydromia, as arroqans and connexa are very closely related spe- cies, certainly congeneric.
The status of the old genus Tachydromia is therefore as follows. Front and middle femora thickened: Division B. Meigen.
Platypalpus Macquart, Westwood, Blanchard, Walker, Schiner, Philippi, Coquillett, Melander.
Tachydromia Meigen, Burmeister, Zetterstedt, Berendt, Scholtz. Bonsdorff, Loew, Bigot, Mik, Strobl, Becker, Kertesz, Bezzi, Frey. Phoroxypha Rondani, Coquillett.
Front femora thickened: Division A. Meigen. Anal cell imperfect. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tachypeza Meigen, Loew.
Anal cell completely wanting. . . . . . . . . . . . Tachydromia Meigen, Coquillett. I
Tachista Loew, Becker.
The type species of these genera are as follows: Platypalpus. Type species cursitans Fabricius, indicated by Westwood in 1840.
It is quite likely that Westwood had Meigen's original cursitans in view, in which case the type should be major Zetterstedt. Tachypeza. Type species nubila Meigen. Rondani in 1856 designated \;å´*nervos Meigen as the type, and this is a synonym of nubila. Tachydromia. Type species connexa Meigen. As explained before Meigen indicated two species, cursitans and cimicoides. As the type species should
be one of those originally listed by the describer elimination leaves cimi- coides as the type, since Meigen's cursitans belongs to the subsequently erected genus Platypalpus. Meigen's cimicoides included two species, arrogans Linnaeus and the later described connexa Meigen, the second of which Mr. Coquillett has designated as the type. During the last half century a number of other genera have been pro- posed for new material rather than as constrictions of the older genus. The relationships of these genera can be seen from the following synopsis of the present subfamily Tachydromiinae. All the known genera and sub-genera are included.




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Melander - The Genus Tachydromia
Genera and Subgenera of the Tachydromiice. Thorax slender, humeri large, strongly constricted: palpi narrow: legs not bristly: front femora thickest.
First basal cell much shorter than the second: black species. Anal cell present : arista terminal. ................ Tachypeza Meigen. Anal cell completely wanting.
Arista terminal or sub-terminal:
marginal cell long.
Tachydromia Meigen.
Arista sub-dorsal: second vein abruptly recurved. Phoneutisca Loew.
First basal cell longer than second; outer angle only of anal cell present: yellow species. .................................. .Dysaletria Loew Thorax broad: humeri rarely large: legs hairy and usually with bristles: palpi usually broad.
First basal cell shorter than second: eyes close together, especially below the antennae.
Arista terminal.
Anal cell complete or incompletely formed. Front and middle femora thickened: middle femora with a double row of spines beneath: middle tibiae ending in a spur: eyes ..............
separated : palpi broad.
Platy palpus Macquart.
...............
Last joint of tarsi normal.
.Platypalpus s. str.
Last joint of anterior tarsi greatly lengthened. Cleptodromia Corti.
Femora not thickened: middle legs without spurs and with minute or no spines : eyes contiguous: palpi small: basal cells subequal. Sy mballo phthalmus Becker.
Anal cell wholly wanting: posterior femora more or less thickened. Drapetis Meigen.
Body robust, abdomen shorter than thorax: Wings broad, not ciliate.
..............
Third antenna1 joint short-oval.
.Drapetis s. str.
Third antenna1 joint lanceolate .......... Elaphropeza Macquart. Body more slender : abdomen longer than thorax : wings cuneiform : ......................
costa long ciliate. Ctenodrapetis Bezzi. ................. Arista dorsal : front femora thickened. Stilpon Loew. First basal cell equal to or longer than second: more or less opaque pollinose species: eyes usually widely separated on the face. Arista dorsal.
.....
Wings less than one-third the abdomen.
.Thinodromia Melander.
.. Wings surpassing the abdomen, anal cell faint. Halsanalotes Becker.
Arista terminal.
Antennae three-jointed: legs thick and bristly: eyes very small. Coloboneura Melander.
Antennae two-jointed: legs but little thickened and with few bristles, ............................
face narrow. Chersodromia Walker.




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[ Pszj che
[April
Tachydromia sens. str.
Minute, slender flies of shining jet-black color and almost devoid of hairs and bristles.
Head globular, eyes large, with large facets, in both sexes broadly contiguous on the face; front narrow, its sides nearly parallel, and but slightly diverging toward the vertex; three ocelli present; occiput broad, produced sub-conically at the neck and provided with sparse short bristles. Antennae short, two-jointed, the outer joint short rounded oval, with the long slender nearly bare arista terminal or nearly so. Proboscis shorter than the head, rigid, vertical: palpi applied against the proboscis and tipped with several short bristles.
Thorax longer than broad, not greatly convex, not truncate in front but considerably narrowed from the wings forward; humeri remarka- bly enlarged and separated from the narrow central part of the meso- notum by more or less deep furrows; a prealar lateral bristle on meso- notum; scutellum normally with two pairs of short marginal bristles, the basal pair microscopic, usually no other thoracic bristles or hairs present. Hypopygium small, more or less globular, or triangular in outline, terminal. Legs slender, the front femora somewhat thickened, devoid of bristles, but with microscopic hairs, those of the under side of the front tibiae serrately arranged, no spurs or conspicuous spines present. Sometimes the male legs have small spines on the middle femora or tibiae beneath. Wings narrow, costa ending at the fourth vein and sometimes thickened beyond the insertion of the first vein, hind margin of the wing short ciliate; no trace of an anal cell present. Our known American species of Tachydromia divide nicely into two groups. The first of these includes slender species with elongate wings and legs. This group is typical of Tczchzjdromia and is largely represented in the palaearctic fauna.
The second group is more
aberrant. Our species will probably be separated ultimately from Tachydromia as several genera, but for the present it would be quite unwise to do so. It is unfortunate that the small size and difficulty of capture of these species are responsible for their scarcity in collections. Undoubtedly we know but a fraction of the forms the world over, and until our collections are more complete we cannot hope to understand the relationships of these interesting little flies. The typical Tachydromias are shining black, nearly bristleless flies and have a dark band, or two dark bands, across the wings. The



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19101 Melander - The Genus Tachydromia 5 1 arista is terminal and the palpi are long and narrow. The front of the
head is very narrow, its sides almost parallel. The ernargination of the eyes at the level of the antennae is less deep, and all the facets are of nearly uniform size. The pectus is pruinose, the coating extend- ing backwards to form a conspicuous glistening white spot over the front coxae and under the humeri. The hypopygium is also somewhat smaller than with the other members of the genus. The first basal cell is generally very long. It is to this group that arrogans and connexa belong.
The species of the second group differ in having a shorter and broader thorax, with the humeri not so pronounced. They lack the pruinosity above the front coxae. The arista is subterminal and the palpi are usually broader. The front of the head is broader, with its sides diverging above. The eyes are more deeply emarginate, and the lower facets are conspicuously larger than the upper. The wings are shorter in proportion to the body, and are not fasciate; the two basal cells are more nearly equal in size, and the marginal cell is usually shorter.
Although the genus separates into two definite groups whose char- acters may seem to be of generic value, I hesitate about placing together the species of group two as a restricted genus, for they appear to repre- sent several phyletic lines. The basic points of difference between these species are the following:
1. simplicior. Wings as in Drapetis: palpi narrow: thorax glistening, devoid of bristles : humeri prominent.
2. maculipennis, calva. Palpi narrow: thorax narrow, glistening black, devoid of bristles, humeri prominent.
3. insularis. Thorax shorter, somewhat glaucous, humeri smaller : palpi long and narrow.
4. agens, universalis. Thorax somewhat glaucous, shorter, with bristles; humeri smaller: palpi broader.
The table following is given for the determination of the American species.
Several other species have been referred to this genus by one writer or another. The accompanying notes will explain their status. Tachydromia lata Coquillett is omitted from the tables as it probably is a Drapetis.
Since the description states that the mesonotum is broader than long, the legs are provided with bristles and the first 1 Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. V. p. 266 (1903).



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52 Psyche [April
basal cell is much shorter than the second it is evident that the species is not a Tachydromia. Mr. Coquillett separates Tachista (or Tachy- dromia as here given) from Drapetis in his analytic key only by the comparative thickness of the front femora, an elusive characteristic. Tachydromia nubifem Coquillett has been referred by its author to the genus Coloboneura, a genus which has very bristly legs. I am unable to corroborate this from his description alone. The shortened
second basal cell of nubifera excludes the species from Tachychomia, but the subopaque pruinosity and colored wings are at variance with the typical species of Coloboneura.
Mr. Coquillett has assigned Drapetis flavida Williston to Tachista While the male is unusually slender for a typical Drapetis this species lacks the constricted swollen humeri of the Tachydromia group and moreover the legs are pubescent and provided with bristles and both the marginal and the first basal cells are short as in Drapetis. The species can with all propriety be located in Bezzi's recent subgenus Ctenodropetis. It may be here noted that the description of Tachy- dromia bads Walker described from Jamaica tallies with this species. As Mr. Walker's description is unusually complete, mentioning even the bristles of the legs, it is reasonably certain that both species are the same. I have specimens from Yucatan, Orizaba, Vera Cruz, Cuba and Hayti. Mr. Coquillett reports it from Porto Rico, and Dr. Williston's specimens came from St. Vincent.. It is evidently a com- '
rnon species within its geographic range. There is an ancient and brief description of Tachydromia abdominalis Wiedemann from China that also applies to our specimens. Ctenodrapetis ciliatocosta Bezzi from Australia is also quite similar, but is somewhat smaller. Possibly there is but one widely distributed form. I take it that abdominalis is a Ctenodrapetis rather than a Platypalpzis as the abdomen is described as lusterless. In almost all the species of Platypalpus the abdomen is shining.
1 i
Mr. Coquillett 13 thinks that Phoneutisca bimaculata Loew is a synonym of maculipennis Walker which was described from Hudson 1 Dipt. Commander Isl. p. 343 (1898).
2Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash V. p. 265 (1903).
3 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. XXII. p. 251 (1900). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. V. p. 265, note.
(1903.)
4 Auss. zweifl. Ins. 11. 12 (1829).
5 Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. 11. p. 355 (1904). 6 Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. V. p. 266 (1903).



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19101 Melander - The Genus Tachydromia 53 Bay Territory.
I do not think this is so.
Bimaculata is a much
smaller species with white palpi, and is rare. The only specimen I
have seen is the type from Alaska.
I take it however that maculi-
pennis is the same as our common pusilla Loew. I have examined
over fifty specimens of this species from Massachusetts, Wisconsin, Illinois, Missouri, and South Dakota.
Since it is so widely distrib-
uted in the States it probably occurs in Canada also. The rest of Mr. Walker's Tachydromias I can not decipher. They may belong to
Tachzjpeza or to the present genus.
Osten Sacken listed vicarius as a
Platypalpus. The two-line description reads that the legs are slender which raises more doubt as to what the species really is. Table of the North American Species of Tachydromia. A white glistening pruinose spot between the front coxae and the humeri, rarely absent: wings with two dark bands: the distance between the
two cross veins more than twice the length of the hind cross vein: arista terminal. ............................................ .2. No glistening spot on the pleurae: wings with a single brownish subapical cloud or hyaline; cross veins separated scarcely more than the length of the hind cross vein: arista subterminal.. ................... .6. Palpi and halteres black: marginal cell obliquely truncate enecat or Melander.
Palpi and halteres paler : marginal cell rounded at the end. ........ .3. Dark cross bands united along the costa. ....... varipennis Coquillett. Dark cross bands separated. .................................. .4. Wings blunt, fringed with comparatively long hairs: propleurae not pruinose ......................................... ciliata sp. nov. Wings slender, the marginal hairs short: propleurae pruinose. ...... .5. Legs nearly uniformly dusky. ................ .schwarzii Coquillett. Base of legs pale yellow, outer portions in part black. schwarzii var. diversipes, var. nov.
Palpi black: wings with a broad subapical cloud. maculipennis Walker.
Palpi yellowish : wings unclouded. ............................. .7. Thorax shining, humeri prominent: palpi narrow. ................ .8. Thorax and abdomen sub-glaucous, humeri smaller. .............. .9. Third and fourth veins divergent. ..... simplicior Wheeler & Melander. Third and fourth veins subparallel. .................. .calva sp. nov. Palpi long and narrow: scutellum with four bristles: antennae reddish insularis sp. nov.
Palpi broader: scutellum with two bristles. ..................... .lo. Acrostichal and dorsocentral bristles present: legs slender piceous, antennae black ................................... agens sp. nov. Middle of dorsum without bristles: base of legs and of antennae yellow, last tarsal joint black. ........................ .universalis sp. nov.



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Psyche
[April
Tachydromia enecator Melander.
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xxviii, 226, $ (1902). Length 3% mm. Totally jet black, shining, except that the knees narrowly and the metatarsi are piceous, the palpi, antennae and halteres are dull black, and the hinder occiput, pectus, metanotum, a narrow vertical stripe on the metapleurae, front coxae, and underside of the front femora are provided with a light pruinose coating. Outer antenna1 joint elliptical, arista terminal. Humeral swellings of mesonotum large and well marked: no bristles on disc of mesonotum, scutellum with four minute bristles. The 8 abdomen depressed, less shining apically, the hypopygium small, terminal, somewhat triangular in outline, it and the last ventral segment provided with short blackish hairs. Wings with two dark cross bands, the second vein appendic- ulate in the known specimens.
But five specimens are known of this species. The two cotypes, both females, are from Quebec and Wyoming. They are now located in the Wheeler collection at the American Museum of Natural History, New York City. I have a male and two females, collected by my former student, E. L. Jenne, at Douglas, Alaska, August 2, 1901. This is our largest species.
Tachydromia schwarzii Coquillett,.
Coquillett, Proc. U. S. N. Mus. xviii. 440 (1895). Melander, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xxviii. 225, fig. 52 (1902). Length 2.5 mm. Shining black, the legs yellowish. Occiput and pro- pleurae pruinose. Antennae fuscous to black, the outer joint rounded, the terminal arista about four times the length of the antenna. Facets of the eyes nearly uniform, front narrow.
Palpi glistening white to dirty white, elongate and slender.
Mesonotal disc shining, bristleless, scutellum with four short bristles.
Hypopygium moderate, rounded, its curved slender appendages sometimes exserted.
Legs including the coxae dusky yellow, the hind legs darkest, the tibiae and tarsi more or less infuscated. Halteres pale yellow.
Wings slender, rather pointed, crossed by two broad brownish fasciae, leaving the base, middle and tip hyaline; the marginal cilia normally short. This is a common insect in the West.
During the entire summer it
hurries about in quick little zig-zag runs in search of its small victims, curiously probing among grass, stones, sidewalks, houses, in fact it can be found almost everywhere in this region. I have seen hundreds of living specimens, and have examined nearly a hundred mounted individuals from Moscow, Idaho, and Pullman and Wenatchee, Wash- ington. The types came from California and Utah. They are numbered 3246 and 3247 in the National Museum collection.



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19101 Melander - The Genus Tachydromia 55 In structure, venation, and general appearance this species resem- bles annulimana Meigen, of the European fauna; which however has striped femora, incrassate front tibiae, an erect hypopygium, some dorsocentral bristles in front of the scutellum, and moreover lacks the. white pruinose spots beneath the humeri. Tachydromia schwarzii var. diversipes var. nov. Melander, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xxviii. 225 (1902). T. schwarzii? var. Male.
Similar to schwarzii in all structural characters, but differing in coloration. The base of the legs. is lighter, the outer portions blacker than in typical form, thus making a greater contrast in color. The coxae, trochanters, base of all the femora, the basal two-thirds of the front tibiae, and the tarsi except the tip almost white in color. The outer third of the front tibiae is abruptly black; the four posterior tibiae, except the knees, and the hind femora except the base, black.
The palpi are blackish. The cross-bands of the wings are lead-gray, and are darker than is usually the case with schwarzii, where they generally have a brownish tinge. Two males which I captured at Dry Creek, near Austin, Texas, April 20, 1901.
The specimens were running over rather large stones in this moist ravine at the base of Mount Barker. Tachydromia ciliata sp. nov.
Wheeler and Melander, Biologia Cent. Am., Dipt. Suppl. 375 (1901) schwarzii.
Female. Length about 2 mm. Quite similar to schwarzii in general appear- , ance, but differing in the structure of the wings. Shining black, legs clear
yellow except the infuscated outer two-thirds of the hind femora and tibiae. Antennae yellow; as they are defective nothing can be stated about the arista. Front narrow, facets of the eyes uniform. Palpi whitish. Occiput and thorax shining black, the propleurae not pruinose: humeri large and deeply constricted: the inner pair of scutellar bristles moderately long. First ventral segment white or whitish. Halteres yellow. Wings comparatively short and broad, blunt at the end, and margined with a conspicuous fringe of hairs which are prominent even on the costa; two brown cross-bands are present as in schwarzii, but because of the shortened wings the outer fascia appears less extensive; the third and fourth veins more distant from each
other and continuing to the wing-tip without converging (in schwarzii they lie closer together and converge towards the tip). I have two specimens before me from Guerrero, Mexico, one taken at Chilpancingo, at 4600 feet altitude, the other labeled Sierra de las Aguas Escondidas, 9500 feet. There are some minor differences between the two specimens. The former measures 1.75 mm. and has



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56 Psyche [April
the outer cross-band nearly as in typical schwarzii. The latter
individual measures fully two mm. The base of its wings is less hyaline, but otherwise the wings are as described. The first ventral segment of the abdomen is only dusky, not white. The third specimen mentioned in the Biologia is in the Wheeler collection at the American Museum. This species corresponds to excisa Loew of the European fauna.
Tachydromia varipennis Coquillett,.
Coquillett, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v. 266 (1903). Slosson, Ent. News, xiv. 266 (1903) habits. Length 2 mm. Shining black, pro- and metapleurae pruinose, coxae, base of femora and proximal part of tarsi fuscous. Outer antenna1 joint short ovate, the terminal arista three times the length of the antenna. Palpi whitish. Humeri constricted from the central part of the thorax by an evident groove; no bristles on disc of notum, scutellar bristles minute. Hypopygium minute, terminal, without conspicuous hairs. Halteres white. Wings infumated, the base, tip and a transverse streak in the middle, but not including the mar- ginal and submarginal cells hyaline.
I have four specimens from the type lot, received from Mrs. Annie Trumbull Slosson. They were taken in the White Mountains at Franconia, New Hampshire. The type is in the National Museum, number 6774.
It is this species that is mentioned in Aldrich's Cata- logue, page 314 under schwarzii, as occurring in New Hampshire. In her article, Hunting Empids, in the October issue of the Ento- mological News for 1903, Mrs. Slosson gives the following notes on the habits of this fly. "About the first of July I always find here a pretty little creature running rapidly over wet stones at the margin of streams. It is a tiny fly with gray wings variegated with black, and its habits are odd and interesting.. Though its wings are fully formed and quite capable of flight, it very rarely uses them. When pursued by the collector it runs swiftly like an ant on and around the stone, and will continue this elusive performance for many minutes, though by spread- ing its pretty wings it could at once escape capture. Only in desperate extremity, as a very last resort, will it sometimes take flight and rest upon another near-by stone. For a long time I found them very difficult to catch. But at last I discovered that by seizing the stone on which one was running and dropping it quickly into my net I had the little fellow safe and sound."




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19101
Melander - The Genus Tachydromia
Tachydromia maculipennis Walker.
Walker, List Dipt. Ins. in Coll. Brit. Mus., iii. 507 (1849). Loew, Cent. v., 74 (1863) Tachypeza pusilla Q . Melander, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xxviii. 228; and 229, f. 51 (pusilla) ; and 204, f. 1.
(Phoneutisca bimaculata, Dakota specimens) (1902). Coquillett, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. v. 266 (1903) Phon. bimaculata. Aldrich, Catalog N. Am. Dipt., 310 (1905)) Phon. bimaculata. Length 2 mm.
Shining black, antennae, palpi, proboscis and halteres also black, no pruinose spots on thorax.
Outer joint of antennae short-conical,
the arist,a two times the length of the antenna, almost terminal. Humeral
swellings prominent, well constricted from the central portion of the thorax; no notal bristles; scutellum with four marginal bristles, the outer pair short. Hypopygium swollen, black hairy, the last ventral segment with a conspicuous fringe of black bristles. Legs largely blackish, the coxae, trochanters, and base of the femora paler;
front tibiae and tarsi more or less yellowish; the last two tarsal joint,s black.
Halteres whitish.
Wings with a brownish cloud
filling the submarginal and first posterior cells; the two cross veins approxi- mate.
The type of this species, now in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, was collected by LeBaron in Illinois. I have specimens before me from Chicago, Illinois, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Atherton, Missouri (C. F. Adams) and Brookings, South Dakota (J. M. Aldrich). Dr. Hough has taken the species at New Bedford, Massachusetts. Mr. C. W. Johnson records pusilla from New Jersey in Smith's Catalog. The synonymy of this species is discussed in the introduction anted, page 52. Tachydromia simplicior Wheeler and Melander. Wh. and Mel., Bio1ogi.i Cent. Am., Dipt. Suppl. 375 (1901) Phoneutisca. Melander, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xxviii. 205, f. 6. (1902) Phoneutisca. Length 1.5 mm. Body shining black, legs entirely yellow. Antennae short,
the outer joint minute, smaller than the basal joint, the arista sub-dorsal. Palpi pure white, moderately broad. No bristles on mesonotal disc; scutel- lum with a pair of well separated marginal bristles; humeri well constricted and prominent; the sides of the thorax are very lightly pruinose, but there is no pruinose spot above the front coxae. Abdomen depressed, brownish hairy, the hypopygium small, terminal. Legs including the coxae yellow; the hind femora a little infuscated apically. Halteres yellow. Wings nearly
hyaline, a very faint darker streak passes longitudinally through the middle of the wing; marginal cell short, submarginal cell full, third and fourth veins divergent.




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58 Psyche [April
A single male collected by Mr. H. H. Smith at Vera Cruz, January, 1888, from the Wheeler collection of the American Museum of Natural History. This specimen very likely belongs with the type female, which was collected in Chilpancingo in Guerrero. The two locations are on opposite sides of Mexico. The specimen is glued on a card and is not in the best of condition for description. The type has the third vein nearly straight.
Here it is rounded in an even curve diverg- ing from the fourth. This specimen has less of the purplish and bronze tinge to the body.
The definition characters of Phoneutisca led us to place this species in that genus. An examination of the true Phoneutisca bimaculata in the Museum of Comparative Zoology showed it to be quite a differ- ent insect than was supposed.
The abruptness of the marginal cell
in Phoneutisca is very striking.
Tachydromia calva sp. nov.
Shining black above, paler beneath, outer half of femora blackish. An- tennae black, palpi slender, whitish, dorsum without evident bristles; wings lightly infumated, third and fourth veins sub-parallel. Female.
Front jet black, triangular; ocelli prominent, occiput with sparse short black hairs: eyes deeply and broadly emarginate at antennae, face obliterated by the contiguity of the eyes, facets nearly uniform. Antennae
short black, last joint not as long as broad and smaller than basal joint, the arita subterminal, finely and closely pubescent, nearly five times the length of the antenna. Palpi narrowly elongate, whitish yellow: proboscis very small, black.
Thorax shining black, the humeri large, so that the thorax is nearly quadrate, a few microscopic dorsal bristles only, a single bristle in front of the wings, scutellum with a pair of short bristles, the scutellum very lightly dusted. Abdomen pitchy black, sub-shining. Coxae, trochanters, basal half of femora and the tibiae yellow, outer half of femora blackened, tarsi a little dusky; front femora somewhat thickened. Halteres yellow. Wings narrow, nearly hyaline, lightly infumated especially noticeable at tip of first vein, marginal cell long, third and fourth veins parallel. Described from a single female, presumably collected by Mr. G. R. Pilate as it bears the label, Tifton, Georgia, Sept. 25, 1896. The
specimen was presented to me by Dr. G. deN. Hough. It measures
one millimeter in length.
Tachydromia insularis sp. nov.
Male. Length 1.1 mm. Head and thorax pruinose; legs testaceous; wings clear hyaline; antennae reddish at base; palpi elongate, reddish;



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19101 Melander - The Genus Tachydromia 59 scutellum with four black bristles; acrostichal and dorsocentral bristles microscopic; hypopygium large, flexed to the right. Front narrowly V-shaped, cinereous; ocelli large, ocellar bristles present, black; first antenna1 joint te~ta~ceous, the outer joint fuscous, pubescent, arista subterminal, pubescent, four times the length of the antenna. Eyes
completely contiguous on the face, facets uniform. Palpi twice as long as broad, sericeous, testaceous. Proboscis slender, vertical, piceous, one-half the height of the head. Occiput and entire thorax rather lightly covered with cinereous pollen; humeri comparatively small and not so deeply constricted as in the other species; the usual black bristles present along the sides of the notum; scutellum with two long decussating and two short bristles; acro-
stichal and dorsocentral rows of minute whitish bristles present, with about six bristles to each row, the last dorsocentral large; no pleural hairs. Ab-
domen brown-black, sub-shining, last segments black hairy; hypopygium large, globular, flexed to the right. Coxae shining yellowish, legs yellowish, femora dusky on the outer half, legs provided with short white bristly hairs, middle tibiae with series of minute black setulae beneath, front femora much thicker than the others.
Halteres dusky. Wings clear hyaline, veins strong, hind margin ciliate; first posterior cell ending at wing tip, and there somewhat contracted, marginal cell a little longer than the submarginal along the costa. Described from a single specimen labeled, Grenada, W. I., received from Prof. J. M. Aldrich.
Tachydromia agens sp. nov.
Male and female.
Length 1.3 mm.
Head and thorax pruinose, legs dark
fuscous, wings clear hyaline; antennae blackish; palpi sub-quadrate, pale; acrostichal and dorsocentral bristles conspicuous, scutellum with four white bristles; hypopygium terminal.
Front broad above, narrow and sub-parallel below, cinereous; ocelli small,
ocellar bristles small; occiput lightly pollinose, its cilia white and conspicuous; antennae small, black, the basal joint blackish, arista almost terminal, short, although four times the length of the antenna, microscopically pubescent. Eyes completely contiguous on the face, deeply but narrowly excised at the antennae, facets nearly uniform, those below larger. Palpi of male yellowish,
one-half longer than broad, with three long terminal white hairs, in the female the palpi are dusky but with a white sheen. Proboscis black, no longer than the palpi, projecting somewhat forward.
Thorax cinereous pollinose, humeri round, not quite as broad as the inter- humeral space, the furrow not deep except behind; all the thoracic bristles white, the acrostichal and dorsocentral rows well developed, the lateral bristles comparatively short, about a dozen in front of the wings: scutellum with two long and two short white bristles; no pleural bristles. Abdomen sub-shining
olivaceous black, with sparse stubby whitish hairs, the lateral margins of the intermediate segments with the round black pits characteristic of Coloboneura, Parathulassius, etc. Hypopygium closed, terminal, elongate. Coxae shining,



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60 Psyche [April
posterior ones piceous, front coxae fuscous and with white hairs; legs dark fuscous, with whitish pubescence, middle tibiae setulose beneath, front femora somewhat the thickest, reddish beneath. Halteres yellowish; tegulae with a few white cilia. Wings clear hyaline, veins strong, hind margin short ciliate, marginal cell long, third and fourth veins parallel. Type male collected on a windowpane July 3, 1906, in my house at Pullman, Washington. Type female taken in a wheat field nine miles west of Baird, Washington, June 23, 1908. This species was noticed actively running about the ground and stalks in wheat fields in several places in Central Washington. I have also five mounted paratypes which I collected at Lynden, Baird, and Pullman, all in Washington State.
Tachydromia universalis sp. nov.
Black, sparsely and lightly dusted; wings nearly uniformly hyaline; arista subterminal, the basal antenna1 joint red; palpi broad, white; legs reddish, variegated with brown; halteres yellow.
Male and female.
Length 1.75 mm. Black, shining, lightly dusted with a gray pruinosity, which is more conspicuous on the pleurae, propleurae not glistening white. Antennae short, the two joints about equal in length, the basal joint red, the outer joint blackened, rounded oval, with a subterminal arista which is two and one-half times the length of the antenna. Front broad, its sides diverging above, the ocelli widely spaced. Upper facets minute, the lower ones larger. Palpi conspicuous, pendant, broad, white, with white hairs : proboscis black in the male, blackish in the females. Thorax comparatively broad, the humeri rather large but not long, the grooves rather distinct; acrostichals wanting, only a couple of weak dorsocentrals present near the scutellum; scutellum pruinose, and with two short bristles. Abdo- men depressed, shining jet black, but overlaid with a light coating of gray dust: hypopygium large, shining, provided with a stout curved end-process which projects to the right; sides of the abdominal segments with minute muscle-attachment pits, as in agens. Legs reddish yellow, the upper side of the hind femora, the ends of the tibiae and the last tarsal joint darker; front femora thickened, hind femora scarcely reaching the last third of the abdomen. Halteres yellow. Wings rather broad, hyaline, but with a faint smokiness following the veins; veins strong, dark, but becoming yellowish at the base of the wing; marginal cilia minute; hind cross vein making an acute angle at the lower comer of the second basal cell. Described from five specimens collected in the following widely separated localities : Chester County, Pennsylvania, June, 1902 (J. C. Bradley), Algonquin, Illinois, July 17, 1896 (Dr. Wm. Nason), and Austin, Texas.




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19101 Melander - The Genus Tachydromia 61 This species is related to aqens as is evident from the shortened broad thorax with the humeri less pronounced than in typical Tachy- dromias, the broad palpi, the widened front, subterminal arista, and pruinosity of the body. However it is readily distinguishable by the paler color of the legs, antennae, halteres and root of wing. Catalogue of the Described Species of Tachydr0mia.l ...... aemula Loew, Zeitschr. Entom. Bresl. XVII. 22 (1863). .Eur. C.
agens sp. nov.. ......................................... .Wash. aliterpicta Becker, Act. Soc. Fenn. XXVI. 32 (1900). ........ Eur. S. C. alteropicta Becker, Berl. Ent. Ztschr. XXXIII. 343. (1899). .................. annulimana Meigen, Syst. Bes. 111. 69 (1822). Eur. albitarsis Zetterstedt, Dipt. Sc. 1. 313 (1842). arrogans Linnaeus, Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapp. 546. var. d. (1838). cimicoides Fabricius, Walker, Ins. Brit. I. 140 (1851). umbrarum Haliday, Ent. Mag. I. 161 (1833). arrogans Linnaeus, Fauna Suec. 1857 (1761) ................... Eur. bifasciata Rossi, Fauna Etr. Mant. 11. 77 (1794). cimicoides Fabricius, Spec. Ins. 11. 447 (1781). ..... brevipennis v. Roser, Wuerttemb. Corresp. 1. 53 (1840). .Eur. C. ? microptera Loew, Ztschr. Ent. Bresl. XVII. 26 (1863). calcanea Meigen, Syst. Bes. VII. 95 (1838). ............... .Eur. C. longipennis Loew, Ztschr. Ent. Bresl. XVII. 29 (1863). calva sp. nov. ......................................... .Georgia. catalonica Strobl, Mem. R. Soc. Esp. 111. 319 (1906). ........ .Eur. S. var. striatipennis, Strobl. 1. c. 320.
dliata sp. nov.. ........................................... Mex. connexa Meigen, Syst. Bes. 111. 70 (1838). .................... Eur. cimicoides Fabricius, Meigen, p. p. Klass. I. 239 (1804). mono Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapp. 546 (1838). ........ dichroa Bezzi, Jenaische Denkschr. XIII. 183 (1908). .Afr. S.
enecator Melander, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. XXVIII. 226 (1902) Alask., Wyom., Quebec.
excisa Loew, Zeitschr. Ent. Bresl. XVII. 27 (1863). .......... .Eur. C. incompleta Becker, Act. Soc. Fenn. XXVI. 33 (1901). ........ .Siberia. insularis sp. nov.. .................................... .Grenada. interrupta Loew, Zeits. Ent. Bresl. XVII. 19 (1863). ......... .Eur. S. maculipennis Walker, List. Dipt. Ins. 111. 507 (1849) N. Am. pusilla Loew, Cent. V. 74 (1864).
bimaculata Loew, Melander, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. XXVIII. 204. minima Becker, Act. Soc. Fenn. XXVI. 32 (1901). .......... .Siberia. monserratensis Strobl, Mem. Soc. Esp. 111. 318 (1906). ....... .Eur. S. ? morio (Zetterstedt) Walker, Ins. Brit. I. 141 (1851). ....... .England. --
1 Those species figured on the plate are marked with an asterisk.



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62 Psyche [April
ornufipes Becker, Wien. Ent. Ztg. IV. 69 (1890). ............ .Tyrol. punctifera Becker, Act. Soc. Fenn. XXVI. 32 (1901). ........ .Siberia. subulosa Meigen, Syst. Bes. VI. 342 (1830). ............. .Eur. N. C. fenestrata Zetterstedt, Dipt. Sc. I. 318 (1842). schwarzii Coquillett, Proc. U. S. N. M. XVIII. 440 (1895). N. Am. W. var. diversipes, var. nov.. ................................. Tex. simplicior Wheeler and Melander, Biologia C. Am. Dipt. I. 375 (1901). Mexico
styrlaca Strobl, Mitth. Ver. Steierm. XXIX. 124 (1893). ........ .Alps. var. seinifasciata Strobi, 1. c. 125.
terricola Zetterstedt, Kon. Vet. Ak. Handl. 81 (1819). ...... .Eur. N:C. tuherculata Loew, Zeitschr. Ent. Bresl. XVII. 19 (1863). ....... Eur. C. undulata Strobl, Mern. Soc. Esp. 111. 317. (1906) .......... Eur. 8. E. ......................................
universalis sp. nov.. .17. S.
varipennis Coquillett, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. V. 266 (1903). .... .N. H. vitripennis Bezzi, Jenaische Denkschr. XIiI. 182 (1908). ....... Afr. 8. The figures are drawn to practically the same scale of magnification, the camera lucida being used.
The enlargement is about twenty diameters. As but four of the exotic species (connexa Meig., incompleta Beck., ornatipes Beck., and punctifera Beck.) have been figured, I have included drawings of the wings of those European species I possess. Fig. 1. Tuchydromia enecator Mel. Dorsal aspect of head and thorax. " 2. ' agens,n.sp.
if '( it it it 'I
‰ 3. ' maculipennis Walker. Lateral aspect of hypopygium. ' 4. ' enecator Mel. Wing.
‰ 5. ‰ maculipennis Walk. Wing.
' 6. ' calcanea Meig. Determination by Strobl. Europe. ' 7. ' connexa Meig. Determination by Strobl. Europe. ‰ 8. ' styriaca Strobl. Determination by Strobl. Europe. ‰ 9. ' interrupta Loew. Determination by Strobl. Europe. ‰ 10. ' arrogans Linn. Determination by Kertesz. Europe. ' 11. (( varipennis Coq.
" 12. ' annulimana Meig. Determination by Bezzi. Europe " 13. ‰ ciliata n. sp.
' 14. ' schwarzii Coq.
" 15. " simplicior Wh. and Mel.
" 16. " universulis n. sp.
'( 17. cc insularisn.sp.
" 18. ' calvan.sp.
" 19. ( agens n. sp.




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VOL. XVII. PLATE 3.




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