C. T. Brues.
[Review of] "The green bug and its natural enemies, a study in insect parasitism" by S. J. Hunter.
Psyche 17(2):72, 1910.

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72 Psyche [April
stomachs of the birds and experiments made as a direct result of these. Thus Bau has found in the stomachs of jays (Eichelhaher) ega- 0 masses of Matacosoma neustria (German Tent caterpillar), eggs of Orgyia antiqua (German Tussock moth), eggs of Psilura monacha (the "Nun" of the Germans), together with eggs of other Bombycid moths. He has proved by various experiments that all these eggs pass out undigested, protected by means of their extremely hard chitinous shells and remain in a living state. Therefore the author naturally concludes that birds even help to propagate injurious insects. In this way Bau's experiments furnish an explanation for the sporadic dis- tribution of the gypsy moth, which is, as is known, a close relative of the European Psilura monacha.
Dispar eggs have exceedingly
strong chitinous shells also, which are undoubtedly resistant in the same manner against the decomposing action of the digestive juices of the birds' stomachs.
THE GREEN BUG AND ITS NATURAL ENEMIES, A STUDY IN INSECT PARASITISM.
By S. J. Hunter.
Bull. Univ. Kansas, Vol. 9, No. 2,
pp. 163, figs. 48, Pis. 9, October, 1909. This extensive paper deals with the relations existing between Toxoptera graminurn, the Green Bug and its parasite, Lysiphlebus tritici, and deals in great part with the successful artificial dissemina- tion of the parasite in Kansas. It contains however, much good biological matter concerning both species, particularly the parasite which was extensively studied experimentally with regard to its variation, reproduction, habits at different temperatures, etc. Much is added to our knowledge of the bionomics of Lysiphlebus, and one remarkable conclusion reached is worthy of special mention. It was å´foun that parthenogenetic Lysiphlebus produce almost entirely males, but that a very small proportion of females regularly appear among such offspring. Unfortunately the report contains a considerable amount of controversial matter and numbers of detailed tables are printed at great length where it would seem that short summaries might have served the purpose much better. c. T. B.




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