H. S. Barber.
Prothetely or Semi-pupal State in Lopheros fraternus Rand.
Psyche 21(6):190-192, 1914.

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190 Psyche [December
1896. Duggar, B. N. On a bacterial disease of the squash-bug. Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist. No. IV, pp. 340-379; plates 26-28. 1905. Sawamura, S. On the large bacillus observed in flacherie. Bull. of the Coll. of Agri., Tokyo Imperial Univ., Vol. VI, No. 4; pp. 375-386, 1906. Sawamura, S. Note on the bacteria pathogenic to silkworms. Bull. of the Coll. of Agri., Tokyo Imperial Univ., Vol. VII; No. 1, p. 1. 1907. Mercier, L. Recherches sur les bact6roides des Blattides. Archiv. f. Pro- tistenkunde, Ed. IX, S. 346-356; plates 12 and 13. 1911. Berliner, E. The "Schlaffsucht" of the meal moth caterpillar. Zeitschr. gesammte Getreidw., Bd. 111, No. 3, S. 63-70. 1911. Metalnikov, S. Concerning bacterial diseases of the bee-moth. Zeitschr. Wiss. Insektenbiol., Bd. VII, N. 5-6, S. 178-181. Reference in the Expe- riment Sta. Record Vol. XXVI, No. 3.
1912. Berliner, E. Die "Schlaffsucht" der Mehlwurmmotte~ Zeitschr. f. daa gesammte Getreidew. (Referate aus Zeitschr. f. Wiss. Insektenbiol., Bd. VIII, Heft 5, S. 191-192.)
1913. Picard and Blanc. Sur une Septichie des chenilles d'Arotia caja L. Comptes Rendus des Seances de 1'Acadbmie des Sciences. PROTHETELY OR SEMI-PUPAL STAGE IN LOPHEROS FRATERNUS RAND.
BY H. S. BARBER,
Bureau of Entomology, Washington.
In the August number of PSYCHE (Vol. XXI, pp. 126-129) Williams mentions and illustrates an abnormal larva of Photuris pennsylvanicus that had developed the pupal wing pads, assigning Kolbe's term prothetely to the phenomenon, and citing the five previous records of this precocious development. Since photo- graphic records of a parallel case in another genus of Malacoderm beetles are at hand they may be useful in close proximity to the above note to which an omitted case of similar nature may be added.
Bovingl 1906 speaks of an abnormal Donaciid larva: "In a cocoon a larva with two large pupa wings on one'side of the thorax, and a pupal abdomen was found. There was conse-
quently no appendage, but the head and limbs were that of a larva. At the side of this monster, a cast off, entirely normal skin was lying, with the coverings of both cranium and limbs." 1 Bidrag ti1 kundskaben om Donaciin-Iarveneres naturhiatorie, Copenhagen, p. 241. Translated into English 1910, Sonderabd. Int. Rev. Hydrobiol. Hydrograph. p. 101.



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In September, 1908, Mr. Schwarz and the writer found several scattered larvae of Lopheros frukrfius Rand. under a log on the Virginia shore of the Potomac Oliver near Plummer's Island, Md. Some of these were left in place, the rest being taken to the office for breeding where the abnormally warm condition upset their transformation. Several of them developed wing-pads and all died before spring. But an early spring visit to the log disclosed normal pup, with their larval skins, where the few Iarvse had been left Fig. 1. hphervs ~~Q~GTT~US Rand.
1, larvea x 5; 2, semipupa or prothetelic state x 4; 3, group of larvae, natural awe. the previous fall and from these adults issued. It was thought at
the time that a long period of slow internal change at low tempera' tare was required in preparation for pupation which would be induced by the rise in temperature in the spring, but that the early rise in temperature when the first lot of larva? were taken to the warm office, had stimulated an attempt at the second operation before the first was completed, causing the abnormal and fatal



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