C. T. Brues.
The Occurrence of Anopheles punctipennis in Northern New England.
Psyche 26(5):143, 1919.

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142 Psyche [October
thus aiding in the production of clear timber. The r61e they play
in hastening the reduction of broken twigs and limbs to humus is also mildly beneficial.
Pityophthorus cariniceps Lec. and Pityogenes hopkinsi Sw. are often associated with Pityophthorus puberulus in storm-broken limbs of white pine, while Pityophthorus granulatus Sw. and P. nudus Sw. frequently occur in the same suppressed pine limbs, and the work of all three combine in aiding in the death of such parts and thus hastening natural pruning. Other insects occurring in the larger portions of suppressed limbs, include Chrysobothris dentiyes Germ., C. femorata Fabr., Pogonocherus mixtis Hald., and Leptostylus sexguttatus Say.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
Plate VII.
Fig. 1. Brood burrows of Pityophthorus cariniceps in small storm-broken limbs of white pine. Note the coarse egg-galleries grooving the sapwood deeply and containing relatively few egg- niches. About four-fifths natural size.
Plate VIII.
Fig. 2. Section of upper trunk of a small suppressed white pine showing the characteristic engravings made by Pityophtkmus granulatus. Note the long fine egg-galleries with rather sparsely placed egg-niches from which the larval mines originate. The brood burrow originating in the center has 7 egg-galleries while that near the bottom has 9.
About five-sixths natural size.
Fig. 3. Two adjacent pieces of a smaller limb showing brood burrow of P. granulatus having 6 egg-galleries. One of these
marked "a" reaches a length of 250 mm. (10 inches). About
four-fifths natural size.
Plate IX.
Fig. 4.
Brood burrows and feeding burrows of Pityophthorus puberulus.
"A" brood burrows in small limb 6 mm. in diameter; b, c, d, e, and f burrows in the smallest leaf bearing twigs of white pine.
All magnified about 2$ diameters.




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VOL. XXVI, PLATE VII.




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VOL. XXVI, KLtm IX.




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19191 Brues-Anopheles Punctipennis in Northern New England 143 THE OCCURRENCE OF ANOPHELES PUNCTIPENNIS IN NORTHERN NEW ENGLAND.
BY CHARLES T. BRUES,
Bussey Institution, Harvard University.
On a visit to northern Maine during the past summer, I had the opportunity to collect the larvae of several species of mosquitoes, including Anopheles punctipennis, which has, so far as I can ascer- tain, not previously been reported so far north as this district. In eastern Massachusetts where I have examined many localities, A. punctipennis'is themost abundant and widespread Anopheles, and it is listed from many localities in New England by Howard, Dyar and Knab.1 These include several in southern New Hampshire and one in Maine, while it has been found over the Canadian border at Ottawa. The present specimens are from Telos Lake which lies well toward the northern part of Maine in the region of spruce and fir forests. It is a day's journey from the nearest railway on the east and a two days' trip from the railway to the south, so that there is no possibility of mosquitoes reaching the lake during the summer to become established temporarily, and any occurring there can be considered as permanent members of the fauna. I think there can be no reasonable doubt that the larvae are actually those of A. punctipennis. Although not to be distinguished anatomically from A. quadrimaculatus, the habitat of the two species is rather con- stantly quite different.
Compared with Ottawa and Weld the position of Telos Lake is as follows :
Weld, Maine, Lat.44'12'North. -
Ottawa, Canada,
Lat. 45' 25' North.
Telos Lake, Maine, Lat. 46' 7' North.
In Europe the extreme northern limit of malaria, and probably that of Anopheles also, lies at from 63' to 69' latitude while in North America malaria is said to be endemic at scattered localities as far north as the forty-fifth parallel. This would mean, of coursev the presence of Anopheles quadrimaculatus, the northern range of which would thus appear to be nearly coincident with that of A. punctipennis in New England at least.
At Telos Lake, I secured also larvae of Culiseta im'patiens Walker and Culex restuans Theobald, both species of general occurrence in this region.
1 Mosquitoes of North America, Vol. IV, pp. 1013 (1917).



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