Raymond L. Taylor.
The Arthropod Fauna of Coniferous Leaders Weeviled by Pissodes strobi (Peck).
Psyche 35(4):217-225, 1928.

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19281 Arthropod Fauna of Coniferous Leaders 217 THE ARTHROPOD FAUNA OF CONIFEROUS LEADERS WEEVILED BY PISSODES STRORI (PECK).l
An interesting feature of a study of the bionomics of the white pine weevil, Pissodes sfrobi (Peck), is the varied fauna found associated with it under the same general ecological con- ditions. Many of these forms bear the very definite relation- ship of parasite and host or predator and prey, but there remains a number of coexistent species which show no obvious connection with the weevil. This paper deals with the latter group. In the course of dissecting a large number of the weeviled terminal shoots of the white pine, Pinw strobus, Scotch pine, P. sylvestris, and Norway spruce, Picea excelsa, but principally while breeding out parasitic forms, an incidental series of 90 spiders, mites and insects was obtained. The majority of the miscellany treated herein represent the captures on or near a scrim screen in the window of a room in which 2602 leaders weeviled the previous summer were confined. The primary pur- pose of this breeding room was to obtain a large number of the insect parasites of Pissodes with a minimum of labor and breeding apparatus. Most of the fauna from this room were taken under ' conditions which, perhaps, do not establish conclusively that they were from the shoots, but it may be said that the breeding room was empty, except for the shoots, and all doors and cracks wore sealed with gummed paper strips. It was, in general, made tight to prevent the escape of the desired parasites. It would seem, at least where species were numerous, that origin in the leaders is indicated. Fauna obtained from smaller cages, with no possibility of other origin, arc noted as from localit,ies other s than Massachusetts.
This list is presented for what value and interest it may be worth. All specific determinations were made by specialists in the various groups. The following key will show by whom the determination was made, the abbreviation being enclosed in brackets in each case after the specific name. 'Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of the Bussey Institu tion, Harvard University, No. 301.




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218 Psyche
[~ece rnber
A-J. M. Aldrich
F-C. A. Frost
Bl-M. W. Blackman H-Carl Heinrich
Bu-August Busck J-C. W. Johnson
C-E. A. Chapin R-S. A. Rohwer
Em-J. H. Emerton S-Grace Sandhouse
Ew-H. E. Ewing
Grateful acknowledgement is hereby made to these author- ities for their kindness, and to Mr. H. J. MacAloney and Dr, T. C. Barncs for permission to incorporatee a part of their unpub- lished lists of incidental fauna from the same type of material, twelve and two species respectively. Species bred out by these investigators will be so noted. All localities, if not otherwise stated, are Boston, Mass. and environs.
It should be made clear that the following several classes are definitely excluded from this list:
1. All parasitic Hymenoptera, whether parasites of Pi8sodes strobi or otherwise.
2. Several predacious Clerids, one fly definitely known to be connected with the white pine weevil, one fly erroneously con- nected with the weevil in the literature, and one lepidopteran which is facultatively predacious upon Pissodes. These two classes are reserved for another and more extended paper. 3.
All insects known to work in these leaders but not ob- tained, e. g., the pine tip moth, Rhgcionia frustrana, the pine- bark aphid, Adelges pinicorticis, A. pinifolw, Pissodes affinis, P. approximates, Hylobius pales, et nl. The white pine weevil, it- self, was not obtained from the breeding room or the cages, al- though rarely, living adults may emerge after hibernation in the pupal cell.
It is realized that this miscellany is not a complete list of the arthropods associated with weeded leaders, but it is bclievnd '
that it comprises a fair representation of those forms which more or less regularly live or hibernate in such shootls. CLASS ARACHNIDA
In the opinion of Mr. J. H. Emerton, all of the following spiders, except Aqelena mvia, were very probably from no source



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19281 Arthropod Fauna of Coniferous Leaders 219 other than the leaders. There can be no question in the case of Theridion rnurarizim, as it has often been dissected out of t<he leaders in the fall. Mr. Emerton states t'hat no place of hiberna- tion for this species has been reported previously. The indica- tions are that this spider invades empty weevil pupal cells in the fall for shelter only.
Order ARANEAE
Family Dictynidce
Dictyna muraria Em. [Em.] Late March, April. A few half- grown.
Family Theridiidce
Theridion frondeum Htz. [Em.] April. 2 yogng. T. murftrtutr~ Em. [Em.] April.
Abundant, all half-grown.
Family Lin11phiidce
Tmeticus bostoniensis Em. [Em.] April.
1 female adult.
Family Arqiopidas (Epeiridce)
Epeira displicata Htz. [Em.] April. Common, all young. E. pcitigiuia Em. [Em.] May. Several, all young. Family Thomisidce
PA ilodro/nus sp. [Em.] April.
1 young.
P. sp. [Em.] April. 2 young.
Family Clubionidce
Clubiona abhoti L. Koch. [Em.] April. 1 female adult. Family A gelenidce
A gelena ncevia Walck. [Em.] April.
1 very young.
Family Saldicidw
Mcevia vittatu Htz. [Em.] May. 1 very young. Tutelina (Icius} elegans Htz. [Em.] May. 1 very young.
Wala ~nitrata Htz. [E~.J April.
1 very yoimg.
W. palmarum Htz. [Em.! April.
1 very young.
Order ACARINA
Family Turson,emidce
Pediculoides ventricosus Newport. In frass under bark, spring and fall. Rare to abundant. Predacious on variety of larvae in shoot; of no particular effect on Pissodes strobi, but highly des- tructive to insect cultures reared in the laboratory.



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220 Psyche [December
Family Tyroqlyphid~ [EW.]
Migrat,ory, non-parasitic nymphs, or hypopi, of this family very common in frass and on a wide variety of insects. Parti- cularly abundant in material from Ohio and New Hampshire. June, July.
CLASS INSECTA
Order CORRODENTIA
Family Psocidce
Psocus sp. [J.] July. 19.
Order HEMIPTERA
Family Miridce
Deracoris pwdus'McAtee. [.!.I May. 2.
Phytocoris eximtus Reut. [J.] June. 1. Also Sizerville, Pa. July. 1.
Order HOMOPTERA
Family Chermidce
Psylla sp. [J.] May. 2.
Order COLEOPTE~~A
Mr. C. A. Frost has stated that it is remarkable that so many of the species listed below arc "scavengers or inclined that way." He adds that he believes it very likely that (of the earlier forms) Attag~nus, which was abundant-, Laricobius, a rare form, possibly Cryptophagm, and Glischrochilus, regularly hiber- nate in white pine shoots. The occurrence of Ptinus fur, how- ever, he considers unusual and yet it occurred in significant num- bers. The striking abundance of GaleruwRa, luteola, the elm leaf beetle, seems worthy of note.
Family Carubidw
Stenolop??us co/~unchs (Say). [F.] Early May. 1. Family Histwidce
Carcinops pu~uordecimstriutu Steph. IF.] May. 1.
Family Cleridce
Thanasim'us dubius (Fab.).
[F.] Sept. 1.
fI?ydnucera nnifasciata Say. [C.] June, July. 12.




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19281 Arthropod Fauna of Coniferous Leaders 22 1 Phyllobcenus dislocatus Say. [C.] June, July. 18. Three species omitted.
Family Dermestidaz
Aitaqenus pellio Linn. [F.] May. 26.
Trogoderma ornata Say. [C.] June. 1.
Anthrenus scrophtilarice (Linn.). [F. & C.] The carpet beetle May, June. 3.
A. verbasci (Linn.) [C.] July. 1.
Family Ostomidce
Tenebroides corticalis (Melsh.) . [F.] Late May. 1.
Family ATitidulidva
GUschrochilus fasciatus (Oliv.) . [F.] April. 1. Family Berodontidce
Laribobius erichsoni Rosenh. [F.] April. 1. Family Cryptophagidce
Crgptophilus integer (Heer.) [F.] Readfield, Me. Sept. 1.
Cryptophaqus acutanqulus Gyll. [F.] May. 4. Also Durham, N. H., Roscommon, Mich.
C. sp. IF.] Late May.
1.
Atomaria sp. [F.] Concord, N. H. Early June. 1. Family Coccinellidce
Srymnus pu:nctatus Melsh. [F.] Late May. 1. Family A lleculidas
Hymenorus sp. [C.] July. 1.
Family Tenebrionidw
Tenebrio obscurus Fab. [C.] July. 1.
Family Melandryidce
Canifa pallipes (Melsh.) [F.] Late May. 3. Family Ptinidce
Ptinus fur Linn. [F. & C.] April to June. 18. Family Anobiidce
Sitodrepa panicea (Linn.). [C.] The drug-store beetle. July. 1. Corlostethus notaius (Say). [F.] April, May. 3- Family Scarubeidce
Trox scaber (Linn.). [C.] July. 1.
Phyllophaqa jwca (Froelich). [F.] May. 1. Family Ceramb y cida,
Pogonocherus tomeniosus Hald. [F.] Readfield, Me. Sept. 1.



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222 Psyche [December
Family Chrysomelidce
Galerucella luteola Mull. (xanthomelcena Sehrank) . [F.] The elm-leaf beetle. May, early June. 165.
Family C urculionidce
Mqdalis perforata Horn. [F.] Mont Alto, Pa. June. 1. Family Scolytidce
PGophthorus chice'ps Lee. [Bl.] May. 1.
P. puberuhis Lee. [Swainc.] Bred by Barnes. N. Y. Order LEPIDOPTERA
Family Tineidce
Tinea sp. [Bu] June. 1. Not a pine feeder. Family Tischeridce
Tischeria sp. [Bu.] June. 1. Not a pine feeder. Family Lyonetiidce
Bucculatrix sp. [Bu.] June. 1. Not a pine species. Family Gracelariidce
Lith~co?letis ostensackenella Fit ch. [Bu.] June. 1. Feeds on Robinia.
Family Heliozelidce
Agonopteryx (Depressaria) atrodursella Clem. [J.] April. Com- mon.
Family Cdechiidce
Eucordylea airupictella Dietz. [Bu.] Bred by Mac Money, Petersham, Mass.
Puralechia pinifoliella Kearf. [Bu. ] June. 1. The pine-leaf miner.
Recurvuria piceaella Kearf. [Bu.] June. 1. Family Tortricidce
Laspeyresia youngana Kearf. [H.] June. 7. Taniva albolinema Kearf. (var. of Peronea hastiana Linn.? ) [H.]June. 1.
Family Pyralidoe
Canarsia dmiarrosorella Clem. [H.] June. 3. Not a pine insect; feeds on elm.
Dior yctria abietella Fab. [A,] Bred by Mac Alouey, Peter- sham, Mass.
One species omitted.




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19281 Arthropod Fauna of Coniferous Leaders 223 Order DIPTEKA
Family Trichoceridce
Trichocera brurnalis Fitch. [J.] April. 1. Family Chironomidce
Forcipomyia specularis Coq. [A.] Bred by MacAloney, Peter- sham, Mass.
Family CecidomyUdce
Lestodiplosis iridipennis Johnson. [J .] Oneonta, N.Y. June. 2. Family Sciaridce
Sciara sp. [J.] May. Abundant. Also One~iita, X. Y., An- sonia, Pa., Sizervillo, Pa., Milroy, Pa., Durham, X. H. and Roy- common, Mich.
Family Scatopsidce
Reichertella fernoralis (Mg.) . [J.] May, June. Common. Also Oneonta, N. Y., McConnellsWg, Pa., Sizsdlc, Pa., Mil- roy, Pa., Fayctteville, PA., Concord, N. 13. Family Scenopinidce
Scenopit?us fefiestralis Linn. [J. & A.) Juno, July. 1.
A'. ghbrifrons Mg. [J.] Lade June.
1.
Family Dolichopodida
Me(leå´f~m sp. [J.] Jun~. I.
Family Empididce
Tac'hijdrofizia sp. Bred by MacAIono-y, Petersham, Mass. Family Pfioridce
Megaselida (Aplvocl?~e/fi) rz/,fipcs Mg. [J.] May, 3. Family Tachinidc~
Chcptolachimi sif-nzdms Mg. [A! June. 1. Mr. C W. Joha- son believes this form to be parasitic upon sawDics, of which a number invade the pupal cells of Pisodes to hibernate. One species omitted.
Family CalJipll orida,
Cdiptwra erythrocephda Mg. [J .] M9y. 1. Family Muscidce
Muscim siabulans Fall. [A.] The common stable fly. Bred
by MacAloney, Petersham, Mass.
Family Borhorida
Lcptocm sp. [A.] Bred by MacAloney, Petersham, Mass.



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224 Psyche [December
Family Sapromyzidce
Sapromyza rotundicornis Lw. [A.] Durham, N. H. June. 2.. Family Lonchaeidce
One species omitted.
Family Chloropidce
Gaurax apicalis Mall. [Malloch.] Bred by MacAloney, Peter- sham, Mass.
G. festiva Lw. [J.] Oneonta, N. Y. July. 2. G. sp. [J.] May. 1.
Hippdates sp. Bred by MacAloney, Petersham, Mass. Madiza glabra [A.] Bred by MacAloney, Petersham, Mass. Botanobia (OscineUa) coxendi Fitch. [A,] Bred by Mac Aloney, Petersham, Mass.
B. frit Linn. [J.] Late May.
9. Also Concord, N. H., Mont
Alto, Pa., Northwestern Ct., and Oneonta, N. Y. Family Drosophilidce
Chymomyza amma Lw. [A.] Bred by MacAloney, Petersham, Mass.
Drosophila f unebris Fab. [J.] May. 6.
Scaptow~ym graminurn Fall. [A.] Ann Arbor, Mich. June,
July. 27.
Family Milichiidce
Desmometopa latipes Mg. [A.] July. 1.
Family Ochth iphilidce
Leucopis simplex Lw. [J.] Common.
Also China, Me., Mc-
Connellsburg, Pa.
Order HYMENOPTERA
Family Tenthredinidce
Dr. Rohwer has written in reference tso the following saw- flies: "Not any of these species feed on pines. They feed in the larval stage on herbaceous shrubs, and were using the burrows of Pissodes only as places to hibernate."
Ametastegia glabrata (Fall.). [R.] Late May. 1 male. Emphytus mellipes Nort. [R.] May, early June. 6 males, 4 females.
Empl~ytina aperta (Nort,.). [R.] Readfield, Me. June. 1 male; Concord, N. H. Early June 1 male.




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19281 Arthropod Fauna of Coniferous Leaders 225 E. tener (Fall.). [R.] May. 2 males, 3 females; Fayetteville, Pa. Late May, 1 ferna,le; Ansonia, Pa. May. 1 female. Hemitaxonus dubiiatus (Nort.). [R.] Late May. 1 male. Strongyloguster soriculatipes Cress. [R.] June. 1 female. Pontania sp. [R.] June. 1 female.
The parasitic families Braconidce, Ichneumonidce, Ceraphronidce, Diapriidiq C'ynipidce, Chalcididte, Eurytomidce, Eupelmidce, Ptero- malidce and Eulophidce, of which a number of species were obtain- ed, are omitlted.
family Vespidce
Ancistrocerus tigris (Suass.). [J.] June. 1. Family Sphecidce
Trypoxzjlon frigidurn Sm. [R.] Bred by Barnes. N. Y. Stigmus fraternus Say f?) [S.] June. 1.
Pemphredon (Diphlebus} sp. [S.] June 5.
Also Sidney and
Readfield, Me. July.
Passal(~cus annulatus Say (?) [S .] June. 1. P. sp. [S.] June. 1.
Xyloceliu sp. [S.] June. 1.
family Hylaeidce
Hylaeus sp. Bred by MacAloney, Petersham, Mass.



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