G. B. Fairchild.
Notes on Tabanidae (Dipt.) from Panama V. The Genus Tabanus, Subgenus Bellardia Rondani.
Psyche 49(1-2):8-17, 1942.

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Psyche
[March- June
NOTES ON TABANIDB (DIPT.) FROM PANAMA
V. THE GENUS TABANUS, SUBGENUS
BELLARDIA RONDANI
BY G. B. FAIRCHILD
Junior Medical Entomologist
Gorgas Memorial Laboratory, Panama, R. de P. SUBGENUS Bellardia RONDANI
Belhrdia, Rondani, 1863, Arch. per La Zool., Modena, 111, 1, p. 81. (with T. albonotatus Bell.). Enderlein, 1925, Mitt. Zool. Mius. Berlin, 2, p. 394. (Type, T. oculus Walker = T. albonotatus Bell.) Krober, 1932, Rev. Ent., 11, 3, pp. 290, 300 (in part). Borgmeier, 1933, Rev. Ent. 111, 3, p. 288. Krober, 1934, Rev. Ent., IV, 2, p. 261 (in part). Lophotabanus Szilady, 1926, Biol. Hung., I (7), p. 25. Krober, 1929, Zool. Anz., LXXXIII, p. 120 (14 species, no type). Krober, in Borgrneier, 1933, Rev. Ent., 111, 3, p. 295 (Type, T. flavibarbis Macq. 1845). Krober, 1934, Rev. Ent., IV, 3, p. 295. Bequaert, 1940, Rev. Ent., XI, 1-2, p. 289 (Type, T. bifloccus Hine 1925).
The species included in Lophotabanus by Szilady (1926) and later authors are, in my opinion, not subgenerically separable from T. oculus Wlk., which is the genotype of Bellardia Rond. 1863. The only difference seems to be the presence of a closed first posterior cell in oculus, but as a number of other species have this cell strongly coarctate, while differing in no other important respect, it would seem best to discard Lophotubanus entirely. The limits of the group are not clearly definable, some of the species showing many points in common with T. sorbillans Wied., and T. rubrofemorata Krob., species placed by Krober in Macro- cormus Lutz and Bellardia Rond. I am of the opinion that T. ferrifer Wlk., T. olivaceiventris, Macq. and other large species with a small black spot on the prescutellum only, show a greater resemblance to a group of large species in-



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19421 Tabanidse from Panama 9
eluding T. fuscus Wied. and T. cinerarius Wied., for which Lutz proposed the names Chelotabanus and Odontotabanus, than they do to T. oculus and T. albocirculus. For this rea- son T. f errif er and T. importunus Wied., which both have a small prescutellar black spot, are excluded from the group in the present paper.
The group may be characterized as follows: Medium to large sized flies.
Eyes bare, unicolorous or with 2 or 3
green bands. Frons medium to narrow, 6 to 10 times as high as basal width. Frontal callus present, of variable shape. Vertexal tubercle absent or weakly developed. Sub- callus pollinose. Antennae variable, generally with a well marked angle above, rarely with a long tooth. Palpi mod- erately inflated. Proboscis but little longer than palpi, the labella fleshy. Subepaulet with macrotrichia. Wing vena- tion normal, or with the first posterior cell closed or co- arctate. Appendix on upper branch of third vein present or absent. Wings hyaline, smoky, or with clouds on the cross veins. Coloration variable, but the prescutellum and disc of scutellum clothed with dense black pubescence which is more or less completely encircled by light hairs. Abdo- men generally with mid-dorsal triangles, sometimes with dorso-lateral spots. In a few species the abdomen is uni- colorous. The males of some species have the large facets much larger than the small and sharply demarkated from them, while in others, the facets are not greatly differen- tiated. All described males seem to have a small tubercle at the vertex.
Key to females.
1. Large stout species, 20 mm. or larger. Legs dark brown, the fore tibiae darker, unicolorous. Abdomen dark brown, black haired, unicolorous. Frontal . .
callus a slender line .................................... ..de-filipptz. Smaller, more slender species, 18 mm. or less. Fore
tibiae bicolored, or abdomen with light median tri- ............. angles, or frontal callus subquadrangular. .2.
2. Fore tibiae prominently white and white haired on basal two-thirds. Frontal callus black. Abdominal tri- angles pure white. Frons about 10 times as high as wide, narrowest below. First posterior cell narrowly ....................................
open, rarely closed a1 bocirculus.




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10 Psyche [March- June
Fore tibiae brown, the apex black haired, the basal two- thirds pale yellowish or brownish haired. Frontal
callus brown or yellow. Abdominal triangles yellow- ..........
ish. Frons 8 times as high as wide, or wider 3.
3. First posterior cell closed and petiolate ................ oculus. ............ First posterior cell narrowly or broadly open 4.
4.
Abdomen with a series of prominent mid-dorsal pale haired triangles. Fore tibiae light haired basally. Antennae yellowish brown, palpi moderately inflated basally ....................................................... .pseudoculus. Abdomen unicolorous, at most with a faint yellowish mid-dorsal stripe. Fore femora, tibiae and tarsi wholly black, other legs brown. Antennae black, ex- ceedingly slender, palpi brown, also very slender ........ piraticus.
.......................................................................... Tabanus (Bellardia) de-filippii Bellardi (Figs. 2, 2a, 2b) 1859, Ditt. Mess., I, pp. 57-58 ( ; Mexico). Osten Sacken, 1878, Cat. Dipt. N. Amer., p. 61. Kertesz, 1900, Cat. Taban., p. 47. Surcouf, 1921, Gen. Insect., Taban., p. 66. Hine, 1925, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 162, pp. 23, 28. Krober, 1934, Rev. Ent., IV, 3, p. 295. Four specimens, three from British Honduras (Stan Creek, Feb. 19, 1940, Komp coll., and Benque Viejo, Stanton Coll.) and one from Panama (Buena Vista, Chiriqui Mt., 1000 ft. May, '26, J. D. Smith coll.) have been compared with the specimens mentioned by Hine (1. c. 1925) and agree with them. T. claurensis Hine must be exceedingly close to the present species, the characters used to differen- tiate the two by Hine being largely intensity of color, claurensis being black, de-filippii dark brown. As I was unable to find any specimens of claurensis in the Hine col- lection, I am unable to state definitely what the differences between the two may be, if indeed they are distinct. Female.-Length 20-23 mm., of wing 18-21 mm. Frons, antennae and palpi as figured. Frontal callus chestnut brown. Antennae dull reddish, the annulate por- tion dusky. Palpi yellowish brown, black haired. Eyes green or greenish black in life, unhanded. Frons and face yellowish brown pollinose, the beard sparse, pale brown-



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19421 Tabanidas from Panama 11
ish. Mesonotum and pleura rich cinnamon brown, clothed with orange brown hairs. In the Panama specimen there is a tuft of dark hair below the wing insertion, like puncti- pleura Hine, but very much more weakly developed. Pre- scutellum and disc of scutellum densely black haired, with two short white diagonal marks on the mesonotum just be- fore the prescutellum. Posterior margin of scutellum whit- ish, with long orange hairs. Legs cinnamon brown, the fore pair darker. Wings lightly fumose, darker along the veins. Costal cell yellow. Abdomen dark cinnamon brown, im- maculate, black haired above, greyish pollinose beneath. The description drawn mainly from a finely preserved specimen from British Honduras. The Panama specimen is the largest, a little darker, with slightly more slender antennae and palpi.
Distribution : Mexico to Panama.
Panama records: 1 9, Buena Vista, Chiriqui Volcano, 1000 ft., May, 1926 (J. D. Smith).
Tabanus (Bellardia) albocirculus Hine (Figs. 4, 4a, 4b) 1907, Ohio Naturalist, VIII, 4, p. 227 ( 9 ; Tucurrique, Costa Rica) ; 1925, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 62, p. 23.
Dunn, 1934, Psyche, XLI, 3, pp. 173-174
(Chiriqui, Panama) (in part). Curran, 1934, N. Am. Dipt., p. 152, fig. 27 (head). Krober, 1929, Zool. Anz., LXXXIII, pp. 122-123, fig. 5 ( 9 ; Costa Rica) ; 1934, Rev. Ent., IV, 3, p. 295.
This species is quite variable, both in size and color. Specimens from Chiriqui are largest and darkest, some quite black, and hence most closely agreeing with the type. Specimens from the Atlantic side are also dark, while those from the dry area along the Pacific coast are quite red and rather small. The condition of the first posterior cell is also somewhat variable. Nearly all specimens have it open, a few broadly so, but most strongly coarctate. One specimen from Chiriqui has the cell closed, stalked in one wing, closed at the margin in the other. The wings may be almost glass clear, strongly brown margined along the veins, or quite uniformly fumose. The eye has three broad green bands in life.
T. xipe Krober is exceedingly close. I have speci- mens from the states of Para, Bahia, Goyaz and Matto



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12 Psyche [Ma,rch- June
Grosso in Brazil which I believe are that species; they average somewhat larger than the Panama specimens, and the structure of the front and callus is slightly but consis- tently different, as shown in Krober's and my figures. (Figs. 5, 5a, 5b) Bequaert's record of T. xipe from Pan- ama (1940, Bull. Ent. Res., 111, 4, p. 449) should certainly be the present species.
Distribution : Costa Rica and Panama.
Panama records : Camp Pital, Chiriqui Prov., July 11-20, 1929 (Dunn) ; Changuinola Dist., Bocas del Toro; Mt. Hope, C. Z. Oct. 30, 1939, Dec., 1939; Ft. Davis, C. Z. Oct. 30, 1939; Moja Polio, Chagres River region, May to Novem- ber, 1940; Venado Beach, C. Z. June 22, 1939 ; Utevey, near Pacora, May 18, 1941; Pacora, Dec. 21, 1931 (Dunn.). Tabanus (Bellardia) oculus Walker (Figs. 3, 3a, 3b) Tabanus oculus Walker, 1848, List Dipt. Brit. Mus., I, p. 157 ( 9 ; Honduras and Colombia) ; 1854, Op. cit., V, Suppl. I, p. 190. Osten Sacken, 1878, Cat. Dipt. N. Amer., p. 61. Hunter, 1901, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXVII, p. 146. Bodkin and Cleare, 1916, Bull., Ent. Res., VII, p. 187, (British Guiana). Hine, 1925, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 162, p. 23. Bequaert, 1931, Jour. New York Ent. Soc., XXXIX, p. 540-541, fig. la. ( ; Yucatan, Guate- mala, Honduras, Br. Honduras).
Dunn, 1929, Am. J. Trop.
Med., IX, p. 501 (Colombia; as occdatus). Bellardia oculus Krober, 1929, Zool. Anz., LXXXIII, p. 121; 1934, Rev. Ent., IV, 2, p. 261.
Tabanus alb~nota~tus Bellardi, 1859, Ditt. Mess., I, p. 56, PI. 11, fig. 5. ( $ ; Mexico, Tampico) . Osten Sacken, 1878,
Cat. Dipt. N. Amer., p. 60; 1886, Biol. Centr. Amer., Dipt. I, p. 55. Hunter, 1901, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXVII, p. 139. Williston, 1901, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Dipt. I, Suppl., pp. 257, 260. Aldrich, 1905, Cat. N. Amer. Dipt., p. 200. Kertksz, 1900, Cat. Tab., p. 38; 1908, Cat. Dipt., 111, p. 219. Surcouf, 1921, Gen. Insect., Taban., p. 59. Bequaert, 1925,
13th Rep. United Fruit Company Med. Dept., (1924) p. 206. Bellardia albonotatus Rondani, 1863, Arch. per la Zool., Modena, 111, I, p. 81.
Tabanus bipartitus Walker, 1848, List. Dipt. Brit. Mus.,



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19421 Tabanidas from Panama 13
I, p. 158 (
; Honduras) ; 1854, Op. cit., V. Suppl. I, p. 190. Osten Sacken, 1878, Cat. Dipt. N. Amer., p. 60. A specimen from British Honduras is before me, and as "Honduras" was a type locality for both Walker's names, it may be taken to represent the typical form. This speci- men, and another from Panama, have the eyes (revived) with 2 broad green transverse bands and the lower margin green. Four females from Mexico, two of them from Osten Sacken's collection and determined by him as albonotatus Bell., and two from Vera Cruz (Crawford), differ from the Honduras and Panama specimens in having an additional short green stripe on the eyes, above the other two, and in the frons being slightly narrower and more convergent. If further material should show these slight differences to be constant or correlated with geographical distribution, albonotatus might be retained in a varietal or subspecific sense. Bequaert, (1931, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., XXXIX, p. 541), discussing material from Yucatan and Honduras, remarks that most of his material has the eye two-banded, but that more rarely there is a third band above the other two. The records of Bodkin and Cleare and Dunn probably refer to other species. Distribution : Mexico to Panama : "Colombia" (Walker) . Panama records: 1 9, Camp Pital, Chiriqui Province, July 11-20, 1929 (L. H. Dunn).
Tabanus (Bellardia) pseudoculus sp. nov. (Figs. 1, la, lb) Female.-Length 13-17 mm., of wing, 12-15 mm. Frons, antennae and palpi as figured. Eyes purple, with 2 narrow green bands and the lower margin narrowly green. Antennae wholly reddish yellow, the first two segments black haired. Frontal callus light reddish brown. Palpi whitish, with black and white hairs. Subcallus, fronto-clypeus and genae with greyish yellow pollen, the latter with a sparse whitish beard. Mesonotum brown, with grey pollinosity and sparse yellowish pubescence.
Pleura grey, yellowish
grey haired. Spot on scutellum covering prescutellum and disc of scutellum, completely encircled by yellowish white hairs. Legs light brown, mostly white haired, the apex of fore tibiae and all tarsi darker and black haired. The fore
tibiae are not prominently bicolored.
Wings hyaline, the




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14 Psyche [March- June
veins sometimes narrowly brown margined. First posterior cell always narrowly open; appendix on third vein constant, generally longer than the distance from its origin to the furcation of the vein. Abdomen brown, greyish pollinose and black haired. The first to fifth tergites bear small median triangles of yellowish hairs. Venter lighter, wholly yellowish haired, except the last sternite which bears erect black hairs.
Male.-Similar to the female in coloration. Large eye facets distinctly differentiated and demarkated from the small, occupying about half to two thirds of total eye area. Large facets pale tan, small facets purple, with a narrow band and the lower margin green in life. A small tubercle is present between the eyes at vertex.
Holotype 2 , Moja Polio, Chagres River region, Panama, Dec. 6, 1939 ; Allotype 3 , same locality, June 12,1940; 39 ? Paratypes, same locality, Dec. 6, 1939, (6) Jan. 19, (2) Jan. 23, (1) Jan. 31, (1) Feb. 16, (8) May 2, (1) May 15, (4) May 27, (4) June 12, (2) June 24, (3) July 8, (1) July 23, (2) Aug. 4, (1) Aug. 18, (1) Sept. I, (I) and Sept. 7 (2), all 1940. 3 2 Paratypes, El Real, Darien, Panama, Feb. 10, 1940. 2 2 Paratypes, New San Juan, Chagres River region, Panama June 28 and July 2, 1939. 1 ? Paratype, Juan Mina Station, Chagres River region, C. Z. May 9, 1939. 1 2 Paratype, Camp Pital, Chiriqui, Panama, July 11-20, 1929 (Dunn) . Besides the above, I have numer- ous females unpinned from Moja Polio, with dates ranging from March 1940 to March 1941. Holotype, Allotype, and 3 Paratypes to be deposited in the M. C. Z. This species was confused by Dunn (1934) with true albocirculus Hihe, from which it may be distinguished by . the characters in the key.
It flies in company with that
species, and appears to be about equally abundant. The
relationship between the present species and oculus Wlk. appears to be very close, the main differences being the much narrower green bands of the eye, the open first posterior cell and the somewhat broader and parallel sided frons of pseu- doculus. Ordinarily, little importance could be attached to the venational character, but in this case it appears to be relatively stable, all specimens of oculus seen having the cell closed and long petiolate, while in pseudocuhis it is always very clearly open.




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19421 Tabanidse from Panama 15
Tabanus (Bellardia) piraticus n. sp. (Figs 7, ?a, 7b) Lophotabanus furnomarginatus Krober, 1929, Zool. Anz., LXXXIII, pp. 131-132, fig. 11.
Dunn, 1934, Psyche, XLI,
3, p. 174.
(nee. T. fumomarginatus Hine, 1920, Ohio Journ. Sci., XX, 8, pp. 315-316.).
Female.-Length 13-16.4 mm., of wing 12-15 mm. Frons, antennae and palpi as figured. Frons and face dull yellowish brown, beard sparse, brownish. Callus orange
yellow.
First two antenna1 segments yellow, black haired, the third nearly black.
Palpi dull brownish yellow, black
haired.
Proboscis blackish, the labellae fleshy, more than half total length of proboscis.
Eyes bare, dark greenish
black, unicolorous in life.
Mesonoturn orange brown, sparsely brown haired. Pleura and coxse somewhat more greyish. Prescutellum and disc of scutellum with a prominent large spot of black pilosity, completely encircled with pale golden hairs. Legs light brown, dark haired, the fore femora, tibias and tarsi darker ; the tibiae not bicolored. Wings quite smoky, either rather uniformly so, or with the veins broadly brown margined. First posterior cell broadly open and no vestige of an ap- pendix on the third vein. Abdomen orange brown in ground color, clothed with dark and light brown hairs, the latter forming an exceedingly faint, broad mid-dorsal stripe or series of broad connected triangles, which are only visible in perfect specimens with light of proper incidence. Be- neath, the abdomen is somewhat lighter with sparse light hairs.
Holotype 9, Old Cruces trail, Canal Zone Forest reserve, Nov. 19, 1939 ; Paratypes, 2 9 , same data ; 8 9 , Cruces trail and C. Z. forest reserve, July 8, Oct. 11, Oct. 23, and Nov. 6, 1939 ; 3 9, Barro Colorado Is., C. Z. Nov. 10-13, 1939 ; 1 9, Barro Colorado Is., Oct. 20
(M. Bates, coll.) ; 1 9, Camp
Pital, Chiriqui Prov., Panama, July 12, 1929 (L. H. Dunn coll., det. as furnomarginatus Hine) ; 7 9 Rio Pequeni, Panama, Aug. 21, 1940; 1
9 El Valle, Cocl6 Prov., July,
1939. Holotype and 3 paratypes to be deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, other paratypes to be deposited in U. S. N. M. and author's collection.




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16 Psyche [March- June
I have compared the present species with a paratype of fumomarginatus Hine in the Hine collection, and believe it to be abundantly distinct. Fumomarginatus is larger, 18 mm., stouter, and with a broader frons and different an- tennse. Specimens of the present species in the Hine col- lection are labelled unipunctatus Bigot, but in Hine's MS notes there is a statement that unipunctatus Bigot = jila- mensis Hine. Specimens of jilamensis before me from Lancetilla, Tela, Honduras, (Figs. 6, 6a, 6b) agree perfectly with Hine's description, and are practically topotypes. They differ quite markedly from the present species in the shape of the frontal callus and antennae, in the rather prominent mid-dorsal abdominal stripe, and in the green banded eye. On the other hand Krober (1939, p. 133), stating that the type of unipunctatus is a poorly preserved specimen, uses the name for specimens from French Guiana, which appear to be different from jilamensis Hine, fumomarginatus Hine, and the present species. Krober's furnomarginatus, from Costa Rica, is with little doubt the present species. In view of the reported condition of Bigot's type, it is still possible that Hine and Krober were wrong, and that the present species is really unipunctatus, but since anything approach- ing certainty in the matter is at present impossible, it seems better to describe the present species as new. The specimen mentioned by Osten Sacken (1868, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Dipt., I, p. 56) from Bugaba, Panama, may well have been this species.
Figs. 1, la, lb. T.(B.) pseudoculus n. sp. Paratyp~. Figs. 2, 2a, 2b. T.(B.) de-filippii Bell. Figs. 3, 3a, 3b.
T.(B.) oculus Walk.
Figs. 4, 4a, 4b.
T.(B.) albocirculus Hine.
Figs. 5, 5a, 5b.
T.(B.) xipe Krober.
Figs. 6, 6a, 6b.
T.(B.) jilamensis Hine.
Figs. 7, 7a, 7b. T.(B.) piraticus n. sp. Paratype. Figures are of frons, palpus and antenna, and are ail drawn to the same scale.




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19421 Tabanidas from Panama 17
PSYCHE, 1942
VOL. 49, PLATE I.
Fairchild - Tabanidse of Panama




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