Bernard Benesh.
Descriptions of Some New Exotic Species of Stag Beetles (Coleoptera: Lucanidae).
Psyche 50(1-2):37-49, 1943.

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New Stag Beetles
DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW EXOTIC SPECIES
OF STAG BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: LUCANID2E)1 BY BERNARD BENESH
North Chicago, Illinois
The present paper, covering seven forms new to science, is primarily based on material conserved in our principal collec- tions at institutions indicated hereafter. The writer's best thanks are due to Drs. Nathan Banks, R. E. Blackwelder, E. A. Chapin, E. T. Cresson, Jr., C. H. Curran, P. J. Darling- ton, Jr., I?. E. Lutz, and J. A. G. Rehn for the opportunity of examining the Lucanidse under their charge, and the privilege of describing the new forms discovered, as well for the many examples, so generously presented, for incorporation in the writer's collection.
Many valuable data were gained from the vast number of specimens examined and some obvious synonymies noted, which, however, are reserved for a future paper. The new forms may be diagnosed as follows: Calcodes (NEOLUCANUS) maculosus (Didier) 8 Didier, Etudes sur les Col6optkres Lucanides du Globe, fax. 7, p. 143, S , fig., 1930.
In habitus allied to N. laticollis (Thun.), a species endemic to Java.
8 Head transverse, black, gradually diffused toward the base into chocolate-brown, opaque; mentum broad, nearly straight in front, anterior angles broadly rounded, sides elevated, base nearly straight, declivous in front, remotely punctured with fairly large, shallow punctures. Mandibles porrect, bent up- ward from basal half, inner edge dentate with a series of five teeth, which number may vary in larger examples. Prothorax broader than long, dark mahogany-brown, disc shining, mar- * Published with the aid of a grant from the Museum of Comparative Zo- ology, Harvard College.
Pnche 50:37-49 (1943). hup Yipsychu rinclub orgtSW50-017.htinl



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38 Psyche [March-June
ginal areas opaque, with a C-shaped black macula in posterior corners; front margin sinuate, anterior angles obtuse, broadly rounded to posterior angle (broadest part of prothorax), thence obliquely truncate to base, latter nearly straight; a median impressed line extends from the front margin to center of the disc (this line extending the full length of the pronotum in the female). Scutellum heart-shaped, with fairly large, close punc- tures on the base. Elytra obovate, humeri rounded, broadest in the basal third, posterior gently rounded, with two feebly im- pressed lines, between the humeri and scutellum; of the same color as prothorax, but more shining, margins and suture black; a lateral, orange-yellow macula extends diagonally from hu- merus to within one and one-half millimeters of the suture and apex. Surface of the head, prothorax and elytra with remote punctures, those on the head largest.
Beneath slightly darker than on the dorsum, feebly shining; anterior tibiae bifurcate at tip, and not as broad as in the female, with two strong spines in the distal half; intermediate and posterior tibiae linearly sculptured, spineless; femora remotely punctured, each puncture bearing a short golden seta; ab- dominal segments margined in black, finely punctured. Dimension : Length (excl. mandib.) 2 2.5 mm; mandibles 3 mm. Head 7.75 mm. wide; 4.5 mm. long (excl. mandib.) Prothorax 1 1.5 mm. wide; 6.0 mm. long (at middle) Elytra 11.25 mm. wide; 14.2 5 mm. long
Allotype: 8, Bangkinang, Sumatra, in the Museum of Com- parative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.
The female holotype, described by Dr. Didier, does not differ to any extent from the male; in habitus it is slightly broader, resembling much the common Javanese ZaticoZZis, to which group it phylogenically belongs. The range of the insect, un- known to Dr. Didier, is now ascertained to be Sumatra. Prismognathus branczicki Non f . , 9
Nonf ried, Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrif t 50 : 1 1, 8 ,
1905.
The female, hitherto undescribed, is characterized in sub- joined brief diagnosis :
9 Golden brown, brassy, shining, elongate (narrower than



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1943 I New Stag Beetles 39
the female P. subaenens Motsch., used throughout in compari- son). Head transverse, broader than long, with a triangular depression, deeper in the frontal angles, extending from the clypeal ridge to occiput; anteocular bosses higher and nar- rower. Pronotum similar in outline to suba2neus, distinctly broader than the base of elytra, with a blackish crescent-shaped macula in posterior angles. Scutellum dark. Elytra one and one-half times as long as wide, diverging to basal third, parallel in median third, thence broadly rounded, base of elytra strongly depressed in ante-humeral area, apical margin distinctly di- aphanous. Dorsum uniformly punctured with fairly large, shal- low punctures.
Differs from subaeneus by its slender and graceful form, finer puncturation, coloration (in subaeneus dark castaneus or entirely black), pronotal macula and translucent elytral mar- gins, which, according to Nonfried, is typical of the species. Allotype: 9, Szechwan, China, D. C. Graham, 1700 ft. In the United States National Museum, Washington, D. C. Prosopocoilus duplodentatus n. sp.
Oblong, finely granulate punctate throughout, allied to P. rubens Didier.
8 Head nearly quadrate, broader than long, black, opaque, anterad concave, sloping abruptly toward the clypeus; clypeus subtriangular, with a feeble transverse marginal ridge, top rounded; antero-lateral angles rounded, behind the eyes acu- minate, the acumination extending beyond the eyes and over- reaching the anterior angles of pronotum; eyes fairly large, round, shining, encompassed halfway by the lateral diagonal canthus; anteocular bosses prominent, gently sloping toward the eyes; anterad to these and slightly inward a roundish fovea. Vertex shallowly and distantly punctured by fairly large trans- verse-ovate punctures, becoming larger (lunate) behind the eyes. Mandibles asymmetrical, longer than the head, porrect, uniformly arcuate, laterad rounded, interior margin dentate; left mandible with a broad basal cuspidate tooth and four well defined denticles; right mandible with six denticles, the fourth (from the base) largest; below the cuspidate tooth of the left mandible and the two basal denticles of the right, is a column of three teeth on the left and a like number on the right, making



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40 Psyche [March-June
the bases of the mandibles appear like the crown of a molar; the right mandible in repose (clinched) is uppermost and slightly shorter than the left. Antennae: scape club-shaped, slightly bent, longer than the funicle and clava combined, black, glabrous, with a few setae at the elbow, and when folded back- ward, extending to the acuminate post-ocular process; funicle one fifth longer than the clava, first segment subglobose (pear- shaped), slightly longer than the second; second, third and fourth of equal length, subcylindrical, anterad dilated, fifth nearly pentagonal in outline and distinctly longer than the fourth, with a single seta on the apex, sixth as long as the fifth, produced into an elongate acute point, on which occurs a clump of setae; clava compact, three-jointed, rufescent, eighth seg- ment anterad produced in a lobe with a truncate apex, base glabrous, black, lobe spongy, ninth segment spongy throughout, lobe pointed, tenth segment rounded, spongy, embellished with a central circular litura; lobes of clava distinctly flattened. Prothorax broadly convex, nearly twice as broad as long, granu- late punctate, opaque, disc with a few scattered punctures, feebly shining; anterior and lateral areas shallowly pitted with roundish, large pits, gradually diminishing in size and intensity toward the posterior angle; anterad bisinuate, antero-lateral angles obtusely pointed, broadly rounded from anterior third to posterior angles, latter produced into an obtuse point, thence diagonally truncate to base, which is broadly rounded; margins reflexed, laterad and basad delineated by an impressed line. Scutellum as long as broad, heart-shaped, with several irregu- lar punctures, shining. Elytra narrower than the prothorax, broader, however, than the prothoracic base, one and one-half times as long as broad, broadest one quarter the length from humeri, parallel to the middle, thence gradually and gently rounding to apex; humeri angulate and rounded on top; each elytron with a single stria, beginning in the ante-humeral region (one-third the elytral width) and attaining to four-fifths the elytral length; margins reflexed from the broadest point to apex; dark chocolate-brown, densely punctured, opaque; su- ture narrowly impunctate, shining. Legs fairly stout, black, linearly sculptured; anterior tibiae distad broadly bilobed, armed externally with four large teeth, second largest, serrate between; intermediate tibiae with a single central spine, pos- terior with a denticle; tarsi as long as the tibiae, glabrous, each



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1943 I New Stag Beetles 41
joint furnished, on the venter, with a tuft of golden setae at the extremity; onychium present; intermediate and posterior tibiae sparingly clothed with short golden set% increasing in length and density toward the extremities. Beneath deep chocolate- brown, glabrous; maxillary and labial palpi reddish; mentum feebly bilobate in front, laterad rounded, nearly as long as broad, roughly sculptured by large confluent pits; genae simi- larly sculptured as the top of head behind the eyes; prosternal process prominent, terminating in an obtuse point; abdominal segments emarginate, with a few scattered punctures, shining. Length, without mandibles, 17.5 mm. ; mandibles 2.75 mm. . Female unknown.
Holotype: 1 8 , Kuanshien, 14-viii-'34, Szechwan, China, Dr. D. C. Graham, collector, in the United States National Museum, Washington, D. C.
Closely allied to the Sumatran P. rubens Didier,2 from which it can be readily separated by its dark coloration (bright ma- hogany red in dens), shorter mandibles, broad pronotum (in rubens not broader than the head, laterad parallel, overlapped by the postocular spine), ovate elytra (rubens distinctly paral- lel) and the granulose sculpture (rubens smooth, shining). Lissapterus montivagus n. sp. Figs. 2, 2a, 2b Robust, convex, black, feebly shining; allied to L. tetrops Lea, and L. hopsoni Carter.
8 Head transverso-quadrate, convex, front sloping, clypeus small, conical, not exposed; anterad broadly concave, angles rounded to canthus, latter completely dividing the eyes; eyes small, larger, however, than in tetrops; behind the eyes with an acuminate process, narrowing to base; above the eyes an oblong, deep cavity, extending to opposite the center of the acuminate process; above and behind the cavity, to base, strongly beset with large pits, which become nearly obsolete on the occiput. Mentum (fig. 2 b) transverso-trapezoid, feebly lobed in front, with a central kidney-shaped excavation, finely granulate; strongly and distantly pitted toward margins, an- terior and lateral pits bearing a seta, base nude. Mandibles symmetrical, porrect, regularly curved, laterad rounded, in distal half with an acute, upward and slightly inward directed tooth, and, on the inferior margin, in the basal third, another Bull. Soc. ent. France, p. 270, fig. 8, 1927.



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42 Psyche [March- June
tooth; inner area between the teeth hollowed, base with an angular downward pointing lamina (larger than in tetrops) . Antennae typical to the genus (without a distinct clava), second to ultimate segment anterad progressively dilated, flattened, shining, setose. Prothorax transversal, front margin sinuate, antero-lateral angles acute, sides straight and narrowing to base, feebly dilated in posterior third, basal angles square and slightly produced, base emarginate with reflexed margin; laterad and basad strongly punctured; disc with an obsolete median line, and a distant, small group of punctures, in adjacent fields. Scutellum nearly twice as broad as long, rounded, with a few lateral, fairly large punctures, apex impunctate. Elytra with base produced and rounded, humeri angulate, gradually broad- ening to middle, thence semicircularly rounded to apex; sur- face irregular, suture glabrous, impunctate, shining, posterior declivate; punctured from the scutellum to margins, the punc- turation much larger and denser in the humeral and lateral areas. Beneath black, strongly tinged with red (more so than in tetrops), especially the femora; abdomen black. Legs: an- terior femur without the ridge-like tooth present in tetrops; all femora, on lower margin, fringed with long, dense, golden setae; anterior tibiae strongly bifurcate, with four equiform teeth; intermediate and posterior tibiae with a spine in the distal half; anterior tibiae with interior margin setose; inter- mediate and posterior tibiae strongly setose on both margins; femora distantly punctured, with some punctures bearing pros- trate, golden setae (in tetrops glabrous) ; tarsi short and slen- der, each segment with a tuft of golden pile; claws small, simple. Female unknown.
Dimensions: Length (excl. mandib.) 2 5 mm.; mandibles 7 mm. Head 13 mm. wide; 6 mm. long
Prothorax 11.5 mm. wide; 5.75 mm. long
Elytra 11.9 mm. wide; 13.0 mm. long
Holotype: 8 , National Park, Queensland, McPherson Range, 3-4000 ft., Mar. 1932, Australia, Harvard Exp., Darlington; type no. 25,911. Paratopotype: 8 , same data as the holotype, in the writer's collection.
Compared throughout with a specimen of L. tetrops Lea ' in 'Lea, Arthur M.: Trans. Proc. Royal Soc., South Australia, 40:272-436; 1916.



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19431 New Stag Beetles 43
the Angel1 collection, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadel- phia, bearing the late Lea's determination label; readily dis- tinguished from the new species by the characters cited above, and the lack of hirsute adornment on the venter and appendages. As L. tetrops Lea has not been, to my knowledge, figured, I ap- pend a figure (1, la, lb) of the insect here. Lissotes darlmfftoni n. sp. 8 9
Figs. 3, 3% 8 ; 4, 4% 2
Robust, ovate, piceous.
8 Head transverse-quadrate, anterad nearly straight, antero- lateral angles rounded, canthus and post-ocular process pro- duced; clypeus broad, feebly trilobate; canthus emarginate and rounded, post-ocular process acurninate; eyes fairly small; menturn twice as broad as long, feebly lobed in front, laterad broadly rounded, sloping toward the center and front, strongly cribrate-punctate, more so on the sides. Front strongly de- clivate, subcarinate on vertex, beset with circular large pits (pockmarked), which become much larger and closer on the vertex and occiput. Mandibles porrect, arcuate, apices acute, finely remote punctulate, shining above, opaque beneath; outer margins rounded, with a median erect tooth; inner edge, in center, with a broad laminate process, which has on the left mandible two, on the right one, feeble indentation; between the central lamina and the base a circular excision, which, when mandibles are in repose, forms a top-like opening; base with an acute, diagonally forward pointing tooth and, above it, a deep excavation. Prothorax broad, anterior angles produced and nearly square, sides subparallel to posterior angles, latter diagonally truncate, base straight; nearly explanate on top, sides sloping, remotely punctured; disc with a central, ovate, strongly punctured depression and, laterad, right and left, two smaller ones; base, opposite the scutellum, with a triangular fovea. Scutellum small, broader than long, apex subacute, cen- ter with a transverse fovea. Elytra ovate, broadest beyond the middle, apex acutely rounded; humeri produced, mucronate; each elytron with two obsolete costse, densely covered with large, ovate pits, becoming smaller and closer toward margin; margin reflexed with some punctures bearing short, golden sew. Beneath, strongly punctured (excepting the abdomen), shining;



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44 Psyche [March- June
abdominal segments straight, remotely punctured with shallow punctures. Anterior tibiae distad broadly furcate, with three to four external teeth; intermediate and posterior tibiae with a centrally located spine, those of the posteriors nearly obso- lete.
9 Analogous in sculpture to male, rufo-piceous, resembling closely L. novce-zealandice (Hp), differing from it, however, by its carinate and declivous head (novce-zealandice flattened), robust, narrower body (novce-zealandice broad and depressed), sculpture, etc. Dimensions of typical examples: length; width; length ; width;
8 9
Mandibles . . . . 4.0 mm. 1.25 mm.
Head . . . . . . . . 3.75 mm. 7.5 mm. 2.0 mm. 4.5 mm. Prothorax . . . . 4.8 mm. 8.0 mm. 4.5 mm. 6.75 mm. Elytra . . . . . . . 9.5 mm. 7.5 mm. 9.0 mm. 6.75 mm. Holotype: 8 , Mt. Donna Buang, Victoria, 1500-4000 ft., Dec. 7, 193 1, Australia Harvard Exp., Darlington. In the Mu- seum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; type no. 25,912.
Paratopotypes: 3 8 8 , same data as the holotype, in the col- lection of Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; 4 8 8 , same data as the preceding, in the writer's collection; one male is destined for the collection of the Australian N.ationa1 Museum. Allotype: 9 , same data as the holotype, in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. Paratopotype: 9, same data as the allotype, in the writer's collection. Described from a series of eight males and two females, captured by Dr. P. J. Darlington, during the Harvard Expedition to Australia, in 1931-1932. I take great pleasure in naming this fine stag beetle after its discoverer. Nigidius passaliformis n. sp.
Fig. 5
Cylindrical, black, subopaque, glabrous; in habitus resem- bling a passalid.
8 Head transverse, broader than long, anterior angles obtuse, diagonally bisinuate to opposite the eyes, latter large and en- tirely divided by the canthus. which is as wide as the eyes and



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19431 New Stag Beetles 45
laterad rounded; clypeus slightly produced and broadly angu- lar; front strongly declivous, remotely punctured, with a feeble median ridge, and above the eyes an impunctate lateral crest, with adjacent oblong excavations; occipital area slightly ele- vated, with an adjoining median diamond-shaped depression. Antennae typical to the genus, with no visible deviation. Men- turn transverse-trapezoid, feebly bilobate (part of the left lobe broken off) in front, with two lateral ridges, and overlapping sculpture. Mandibles (apices broken off) minutely and densely punctulate, bent upward, curved, with a central inner tooth, latter distad with a horizontal depression, which thus forms two separate points, of which the superior is simple, and the inferior bicuspid. Prothorax quadrate, with a few obsolete scratches, anterior margin nearly straight, with antero-lateral angles produced and abruptly rounded; laterad nearly parallel to posterior angles, latter diagonal, base feebly sinuate; anterad strongly declivous, with a well-defined, median, truncate boss; disc with a central longitudinal fovea of irregular shape and, adjacent it on the left with two, and right three, smaller impres- sions. Scutellum: prescutellum cribrate-punctate, broad at base, narrowing toward the scutellum, which is heart-shaped, im- punctate, with a basal three-pointed fovea. Elytra parallel, humerus mucronate, posterior regularly rounded; each elytron with 8 striae, margin rugosely punctate; the strise, which on first glance appear simple, under higher powers assume an en- tirely different character, i.e., consist of large circular punctures, interconnected by the sulca; first stria parallel to the suture, terminates on the declivity; second bends outward and forms a complete juncture with the sixth; third and fourth, joined; fifth encroaches on the connection between the second and sixth stria; seventh and eighth terminate near posterior margin; interspaces impunctate, broad and feebly convex, with the tri- angular area between the first and second stria strongly cibrate- punctate. Beneath, prosternum and prosternal episternum strongly rugose-punctate; prosternal process rounded, not prominent; metasternal episternum punctate, with an impunc- tate, lateral ridge; metasternum with a median longitudinal impressed line, glabrous, anterad strongly confluently punctate; abdominal segments emarginate, base of each with a line of large punctures (apparently a stridulating apparatus) ; terminal segment remotely punctured. Anterior tibiae strongly furcate,



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46 Psyche [March- June
with five extern,al teeth; intermediate and posterior tibiae with distal spurs prominent, the outer spur longer than the inner one; intermediate tibise with two, posterior with three external spines. Female unknown, but as characteristic to the genus, may resemble the male very closely in habitus, with slightly modified mandibles. Dimensions ; Length (excl. mandib. ) 18.5 mm. ; mandibles (minus apices) 1.75 mm.
Head . . . . . . . 6.5 mm. wide; 3.2 5 mm. long Prothorax . . . . 7.0 mm. wide; 5.2 5 mm. long Elytra ...... 7.25mm.wide; 10.0 mm.long
Holotype: 3 , West Africa, Coll. Harvard, in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. ; type No. 2 5,9 13. Superficially resembling the Australian FiguIus tdobus We~tw.,~ assigned, subsequently, by Parry to Nigidius; it differs, however, from F. trilobus by the broader head (in trilobus more triangular ,in outline), mandibles, cylindrical body (trilo bus depressed), scutellum ( trilo bus wedge-shaped) , etc.; it can be mentioned here that F. tdobus Westw. is a true FiguZus, and not a Nigidius, as Parry suggested. Ceratognathus tasmanus n. sp. 3 5
Figs. 6, 6a 3, 7 SÌ
Oblong, convex, rufous, cribrate-punctate, pubescent; pu- bescence on the dorsum intermixed (in both sexes) with lanceo- late yellowish-gray squamae. ,
8 Head transversal, three times as broad as long (3 : I), strongly sloping toward the front, anterior angles rounded, be- hind the eyes broader; vertex with two tubercles on line with the center of the prominent eyes. Antennae slender; scape one- third the length of the entire antenna, second segment globular, third to seventh uniformly dilated to apex, eighth, ninth and the tenth lobate; clava one-fifth longer than the funicle, pale rufous, with grayish pubescence. Mandibles regularly curved from base to tip, bent upward from the basal third, apices of both mandibles bicuspid, strongly punctate; at the middle of * Westwood, J. C.: Ent. Mag. 5: 263, 1838. 6Parry, I?. J. S.: Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 343, 1873.



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1943 I New Stag Beetles 47
the exterior margin a lateral? laminate? obtuse tooth and7 an- terad? near the apical third? a superior? subacute tooth. Pro- thorax one and one half times broader than long? front margin gently bisinuate? anterior angles rounded? diverging diagonally to the middle7 thence nearly parallel to posterior angles? latter broadly rounded? base nearly straight; disc with an oblong median depression and7 postero-laterad? circular impression. Scutellum broad? apex rounded? base impunctate? with an irregular impressed line7 which circumscribes7 in the apical area? five unequal punctures. Elytra with humeral angles broadly rounded? sides parallel7 apex regularly rounded? suture with an ill-defined costa and each elytron with two irregular costze? terminating on the posterior declivity. Beneath? densely clothed with long grayish pubescence; abdominal segments nearly ex- planate? feebly emarginate? confluently punctate; posterior seg- ment slightly convex. Intermediate and posterior tibize serrate? with a prominent spine near the apical third; spurs well devel- oped; tarsi short and fairly stout7 ultimate segment nearly as Iong as the others combined.
? Of the same general appearance as the male7 but with head smaller (2 : I), with frontal margin slightly transverso- carinate? mandibles shorter than the head? with a central bicus- pid tooth on the inferior edge? thorax narrower in front and longer than wide7 stouter legs7 less prominent spines? etc. Dimensions: 8 12.5 mm. long, mand. incl.; width? 4.5 mm. ? 13.75 mm. long? mand. incl.; width7 5.6 mm. Holotype: 8 Tasmania? Edwards Collections7 in the Ameri- can Museum of Natural History7 New York? N. Y. Allotype: 9 same data as the holotype7 in the American Museum of Natural History? New York7 N. Y. Allied to Ceratognathus bitumuZatus Carter? from which it can be readily distinguished by the shape of the mandibles? squamE7 non-tumulate elytra? etc. The female here figured has asymmetrical margins on the pronotum ; left margin has a slight protuberance? which is missing on the opposite side7 as indi- cated by the broken line in the drawing. Described from a pair of (rather dilapidated) examples ; the male is minus left an- tenna? anterior tibize7 right intermediate leg and all tarsi; the



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48 Psyche [March-June
female lacks the right antenna, left intermediate leg and pos- terior tarsus and the tarsi of right anterior and intermediate legs. FIG. 1. Lissapterus tetrops Leal 8. 1A. Lateral aspect of head. 1B. Mentum. FIG. 2. Lissapterus montivagus n. sp., 8. 2A. Lateral aspect of head. 2B. Mentum.
FIG. 3. Lissotes darlingtoni n, sp., 8. 3A. Lateral aspect of head. FIG. 4. Lissotes darlingtoni n. sp.? $2. 4A. Lateral aspect of head. 4B. Mentum. FIG. 5. Nigidius passaliformis n. sp., 8 . FIG. 6.
Ceratognathus tasmanus n. sp., 8. 6A. Lateral aspect of the mandibles. FIG. 7'.
Ceratognathus tasmanus n. sp.,
Q . 7A. Right anterior tibia.




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19431 New Stag Beetles 49
PSYCHE, 1943
VOL. SO, PLATE IV
Benesh - Exotic Stag Beetles




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