N. Lodos.
A New Species of Eurygaster and Notes on Some Little Known Species of Turkish Pentatomidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera).
Psyche 70(3):144-150, 1963.

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A NEW SPECIES OF EURYGASTER AND NOTES ON SOME LITTLE KNOWN SPECIES OF TURKISH
PENTATOMIDAE (HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA)
BY NIYAZI LODOS~
University of Connecticut, Storrs, Conn. The species belonging to the genus Eurygaster Laporte are very important from the economic point of view in Turkey. Eurygaster integriceps Puton is one of the most harmful insects to wheat and barley, but in addition it also attacks rye, oat and other graminaceous plants. In Turkey it causes extensive damage especially in the eastern south provinces, the amount of injury caused varying from year to year and from place to place. In epidemic years the total amount of the losses in some areas can reach up to 90% if no control measures are used. Eurygaster maura (L.) and Eurygaster austriaca (Schrk.) , found especially in Western Anatolia, cause damage approaching only 20% if no control measures are used, because their egg parasites are very active in this part of the country. A good knowledge of this genus is therefore very important to Turkish entomologists and agri- culturists. While working at the University of Aegea, Izmir-Turkey, I paid special attention to these insects and collected many specimens whenever time was available. Amongst my material I find one new species which is described below.
Eurygaster chinai n. sp.
Plates 15 and 16
General shape : oblong-oval, subdepressed (fig. I ) . General colour : reddish brown, except base of scutellum below pronotum which bears a narrow, blackish stripe transversally. Structure (female) : General shape of the head (fig. 2) subtri- angular, about as broad between eyes as long, somewhat flattened on its surface except middle of tylus which is slightly prominent and regularly convex in front; lateral margins near eyes slightly sinuated and from eyes perceptibly narrowed and keeled; tylus long and some- what broad, narrowed apically, truncate at the end; juga projecting slightly beyond end of the tylus, not in contact with each other, broadly rounded at apex; disc of head except margins finely and densely punc- tate. Antennae (fig. 3) brownish except fifth segment which is black- 'Present address: University of Aegea, Faculty of Agriculture, Izmir, Turkey.
Manuscript received by the editor 'February 25, 1963.



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ish; first segment nearly clavate, almost equal to second ; second some- what cylindrical ; third shortest and cylindrical ; fourth shorter than fifth and second in length and cylindrical; fifth longest and pubescent; length of antenna1 segments I, 11, 111, IV, V ; 30, 30, 21, 28, 45. Eyes bright yellow except for middle which has a dark brown ti-ans- verse stripe; inserted at posterior margin of the head, not prominent but also not contiguous with pronotum ; ocelli brownish, inserted fairly far from base of head and somewhat prominent. Rostrum thick and nearly reaching to the middle of hind coxae, brownish except the last segment which is blackish.
Pronotum fairly broad, more than twice as broad as long in the middle and flattened (fig. 4), anteriorly nearly straight, a little broader than the eyes and head together, lateral margins slightly sinu- ate, humeral angles somewhat pointed, lateral margins slightly keeled, and pale in colour, without punctures; posterior margin of pronotum at base of scutellurn concave; disc of pronotum finely and densely punctured; in middle of disc a large, long transverse prominence (fig. I, 4, 5 ) ; in front of the prominence two somewhat low impressions; behind it, two somewhat strong impressions; cicatrices light yellowish, large, punctured finely and obscured. Scutellum nearly parallel at the sides and sinuate towards the middle, at the apex regularly rounded; distinctly shorter than abdomen; at each basal angle there is a strong narrowed impression; base of scutellum against pronotum with a blackish somewhat wide transverse stripe (fig. I, 4) ; each basal angle with a whitish callus located some distance from the base of pronoturn; colour of base of scutellum brownish, gradually paler toward apex; punctui-ations near and around of calli largest and gradu- ally disappearing far from these areas; middle of scutellum an obscure longitudinal carina. Clavus very small and punctured. Coi-ium some- what strongly punctured, extending beyond middle of the scutellum, same colour as that of scutellum and other parts of the body; outer vein of the corium distinct and reaching nearly to the apex of corium. Membrane transparent, reaching just to apex of scutellum. Connexi- vum a little broader than thorax, darker than scutellum and other parts of body, surface irregular; finely and densely puncui-ed, outer margins of each connexival segment distinctly rounded. Underside of head, sternum and acetabula strongly punctured. Venter light brown- ish, without or with only obscure punctures; underside of each con- nexival segment with a blackish spot near margin. Spiracles reddish. Female genitalia with a distinctive structure as seen in fig. 6. Valvifer I large, nearly triangular and each one has small blackish



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stripe near distal end; paratergite 9 large and some distance from the margin of seventh sternal segment; valvifer I1 triangular. Legs
light brown; tibiae almost straight and with a few very small and obscure spines; at the apex, spines become closer and with few hairs; tarsus normal for the genus, underside with thin, dense and short hairs; second tarsal segment shortest; third with a few hairs at apex; claws dark brown 3/4 from the base (fig. 2). Size (female) : length 12 mm.; maximum width across abdomen 7.2 mm., head: length 2.4 mm.; width 2.9 mm.; vertex 2.5 mm., pronotum: length 2.7 mm.; width 7 mm., scutellum: length 6.7 mm.; width 5 mm.
Holotype : female, Turkey, Izmir-Bornova, I 4.V. I 958 ( N.Lodos) , in the British Museum (Natural History). Habitat: the type, a female was found by me by sweeping on wild graminaceous plants in a wooded hill formation. It seems to be a very rare species and the male is unknown.
This new species is related to Eurygaster integriceps Put. by ex- ternal appearance but can easily be distinguished by its distinct prom- inence on the pronotum, shorter scutellum, distinctly rounded con- nexivum and particularly the structure of the female genitalia. I name this species after the outstanding British authority on the Hemiptera, Dr. W. E. China, who has helped me a great deal in my entomological work.
Solenostethiurn bilunatum (Lefebure)
Scutellcra bilunufata Lefebure 1827, Mim. Soc. Linn. Paris, :102; pi. 5, f. 5. This species was first recorded from Turkey by Fieber (1861) as Coeloglossa ledereri without specific location. Lethierry and Severin (1893)
also listed it in the same way. Oshanin (1912) was the only one to express the locality more definitely as "Turkei (in Europa)" which at that time was Thrace. So far as is known Solenostethiu?7z bilz~na/u?n (Lef.) is a Mediterranean element which extends from Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria, Cyprus, Turkey and Syria. It is obvious that it could not have existed so
far north as Oshanin states. Its
northern range was not previously even as far north as Izmir (Tur- key). This species has remained known to Turkey only from these early records until the present time.
The writer now is able to confirm the presence of this species in the Turkish fauna. I have collected 14 female and 11 male specimens at EXPLANATION OF PLATE I5
Fig. 1. Eurygaster chianai n. sp. female (holotype)



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19631 Lodos - Eurygaster 149
Dalaman-hfukla (Turkey), 23.V1.1962, and some specimens at K6yc<giz-3Iu& (Turkey) , 2 I .VI. I 962. All these specimens were taken from Paliurus spina-ch~isti Aliller. These specimens are de- posited in the personal collection of the author and the Aegean Uni- versity, Faculty of Agriculture collection in Izmil- (Turkey). In I 861 Fieber described CoelogZossa ledereri from 7 specimens (male and female) and cited its distribution as Turkey and Sj71-ia without any specific locality. Fieber's description seems rather meagre, having some characteristics of SoZenostethium bilunatunz (Lef.) and some So~enostethiz~rn Zedereri Fieb, These characteristics are based on the formation of clypeus, the colour of the dorsum of the insect and the existence of black spots on the head. Solenostethium ledereri Fieb. is now considered at the most as a colour form of Solenostethiu~t~ bilz~natum (Lef.) (Stichel 1960).
I have examined specimens from DaIaman which I collected at the same locality and discovered that while there are some different characteristics attributable to SoZenostethiunz bdunatunz (Lef.) and SoZenostetiutn biZunatlum f. Zedereri Fieb*, these different characteristics are not at all constant.
Therefore, SoZenostethiunz bilunatunz 1. led- erm-i Fieb. is here considered as a straight synonym (new synonymy). Pausias martini Puton
Piezodorus martini Puton 1890, Rev. d'Ent., 9 :227. This species has only recently been included as a part of the Turkish fauna, although its geographic range includes Syria and Caucasia (Puton 1890, Oshanin 1912, Vidal 1949, Stichel 1960 and Linnavuori 1960). This distribution shows that it should also be found within the boundaries of Turkey. Wagner ( I 959) has recorded this species from Turkey for the first time, He reported if from Diyubakir, which is in the south east of Turkey. The locality is some 200 km. from the northern border of Syria. The author is now able to establish the presence of this species on the Aegean sea coast in TVestel-n Anatolia. One male and 2 female specimens were collected from ICassi- yaka-Izmir (Turkey), I o.VI11. I 960, from a ~nulbei-1-7 tree (Aforus alba L.). Thus the range of this species is spread over a considerable part of Turkey.
Fig. 2-7. Eurygaster chinai n. sp. female (holotype) ; 2, dorsal view of the head; 3, antenna; 4) dorsal view of pronotum; 5) lateral view of pronotum; 6, female genitalia; 7, hind tarsus.




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1 50 Psyche [September
ACKNOWLEDGEMEXTS
While preparing this work I used the collections and library of the British Museum (Natural History) and the laboratory and library of the University of Connecticut, Department of Zoology and En- tomology. To these institutions the author expresses his sincere ap- preciation. My thanks are due to Dr. J. A. Slater for his kind help and the loan of literature. I also appreciate help received from Dr. W. E. China, especially for valuable opinions on the subject and fol- reading the typescript.
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RIBAUT, H.
1926. Caract6res distinctif des Eurygaster maura et Eurygaster meridion- alh. Bull. SOC. H. Ent. Nat. Toulouse, 54: 103-121. STICHEL, W.
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