Jonathan Reiskind.
A Revision of the Ant Tribe Cardiocondylini (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) I. The Genus Prosopidris Wheeler.
Psyche 72(1):79-86, 1965.

This article at Hindawi Publishing: https://doi.org/10.1155/1965/83080
CEC's scan of this article: http://psyche.entclub.org/pdf/72/72-079.pdf, 500K
This landing page: http://psyche.entclub.org/72/72-079.html

The following unprocessed text is extracted automatically from the PDF file, and is likely to be both incomplete and full of errors. Please consult the PDF file for the complete article.

A REVISION OF THE ANT TRIBE CARDIOCONDYLINI (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE)
I. The Genus Prosopidris Wheeler1
BY JONATHAN REISKIND
Biological Laboratories, Harvard University This is the first of a series of papers revising the tribe Cardio- condylini, a group of small inyrmicine ants (up to 3.0 mm in length), characterized by the possession of a pedunculate petiole, a wide postpetiolar dorsum, propodeal spines, and a general lack of pilosity. The tribe currently embraces the genera Cardiocondyla Emery (virtually cosmopolitan, mainly Old World), Xenometra Emery (West Indian) and Prosopidris (Papuasian) . Xenometra includes a single poorly known species which is apparently parasitic on Cardio- condyla emeryi (Emery, 1917). Cardiocondyla and Prosopidris are free living, and form small inconspicuous colonies usually in the soil or in rotting logs.
In this contribution Wheeler's subgenus Cardiocondyla {Prosopi- dris) is elevated to full generic status. The worker and female types of its single previously known species, P. sima Wheeler (Philippines), are redescribed and a second species, P. papuana (New Guinea), is newly described. The papuana material includes the first known male of the genus, along with females and workers. The male is highly ergatoid, like those of some Cardiocondyla species. Measurements and Indices: In order to characterize properly cardio- condyline ants the following measurements and indices (with their abbreviations) will be used in this and succeeding papers: Head Length (HL) - Maximum length of head in frontal view from clypeal apex to posterior border of occiput.
Head Width (HW) -Width of head measured in frontal view immediately behind the eyes.
Scape Length (SL) - Maximum measurable length of scape, not including its articular condyle.
Weber's Length (WL) - Weber's length of mesosoma (=ali- trunk), measured in lateral view along a line connecting the place where the prono- turn joins the cervix and the apices of the 'Research supported by U.S. National Science Foundation Grant No. GB1634.
79
Pu&f 72:79-86 (1965). hup Ytpsychu einclub orgi72t72-079 html



================================================================================

Psyche [March
the flanges of the sides of the propodeal declivity ( Brown, 1953). The lateral view- ing position of specimens must be standard- ized by lining up the tips of the propodeal spines.
Pronotum Width (PW) -Width of pronotum, measured in dorsal view, disregarding humeral angles.
Propodeal Spine L(ength) - Maximum measurable length of pro- podeal spine, in lateral view, from its apex to the far edge of the propodeal spiracle. Petiole L(ength) -Length of petiole, measured in lateral view, from the apices of the flanges of the sides of the propodeal declivity to the dorsal posterior border of the petiolar tergite. Petiole Height - Height of petiole, measured in lateral view, on a line perpendicular to the petiole length; from the dorsalmost point on the petiolar node to the ventral side.
Postpetiole W(idth) - Maximum width of postpetiolar dorsum. Postpetiole L(ength) - Midline length of postpetiolar dorsum. Cephalic Index (CI) - Head width expressed as a percentage of head length. HW X IOO/HL
Scape Index (SI) - SL X IOO/HW
Mesosomal Index - PW X IOO/WL
Propodeal Spine Index (SpI) - Propodeal Spine L. X IOO/WL Petiolar Index - Petiole L.
X 100/Petiole Height
Postpetiolar Index - Postpetiole L. X ioo/Postpetiole W. Genus Prosopidris Wheeler new status
Curdiocondyla subgenus (Prosopidris) Wheeler, 1935, Psyche 42 : 40-41. Type-species : Cardiocondyla (Prosopidris) simu Wheeler, Ibid : 42-43. Wheeler's subgenus Prosopidris is here raised to full generic status. This change of rank is based on the distinctive clypeus, the I I- segmented antennae, and the high mesosoma, which readily distinguish Prosopidris from Cardio~ondyla~ though the two genera are obviously closely related.
Wheeler's ( I 935 ) subgeneric diagnosis requires some modification in light of the new species, Prosopidris papuana, described below. In the workers the mesometanotal impression is lacking or very feeble. In the female wing venation the stub of vein Rs, extending beyond the cubital cell, may or may not be present. The only known male of the genus is described below.




================================================================================

19651 Reiskind - Cardiocondylini
Prosopidris papuana new species
( Figures I -8 )
WORKER
Measurements: Based on the holotype and 4 paratype workers (holotype cited first) : HL 0.59 mm, 0.59-0.60 mm; HW 0.44 mm, 0.44 mm; CI 75, 73-75; SL 0.49 mm, 0.49-0.52 mm; SI 11 I, I I I- I I 8 ; PW 0.33 mm, 0.33 mm ; WL 0.70 mm, 0.68-0.70 mm ; Meso- soma1 Index 47, 47-48 ; Propodeal Spine L. O. I 8 mm, 0. I 8-0.20 mm ; SpI 26, 26-29; Petiole L. 0.28 mm, 0.28-0.29 mm; Petiole Height 0.1 7 mm, 0. I 7-0.18 mm ; Petiolar Index I 59, I 55-1 64; Postpetiole W. 0.24 mm, 0.24 mm; Postpetiole L. 0.15 mm, 0.15-0.16 mm; Postpetiolar Index 60, 60-65. Palpal formula Maxillary 5 : Labial 3 (paratype dissected).
Description: General form is shown in Figures I and 2. Head subrectangular, sides sub-parallel, slightly convex; posterior corners rounded ; occipital border slightly concave. Scape slightly curved distally, exceeding occipital border by a distance about equal to its maximum diameter. Antennae 11-segmented, with a 3-segmented club, the apical segment about 3 times as long as the preapical. Eyes strongly convex, maximum diameter (in all specimens) 0.13 mm; their anterior edges at a distance of 0.7 X their diameter from the lateral genal border. Outer borders of mandibles convex; masticatory border with 5 teeth, the 2 apical enlarged. Clypeus produced ante- riorly, forming a shelf over the mandibular bases and bulging out- wards; anterior border convex, with thick lateral sections anterior to each antenna1 sulcus; posterior portion extending broadly between the frontal carinae.
Mesosomal profile as in Figure 2; lacking a promesonotal con- striction, humeral angles indistinctly rounded. Mesometanotal im- pression weakly developed on mesosomal dorsum as a very shallow concavity, lacking an incised sutural trace. Propodeal spines moderate- ly long, pointed, uncurved. Petiolar node from above, oval, distinctly wider than long. Postpetiole with convex anterior and posterior margins and convex sides. Dorsal width of first gastric segment 2.1 X postpetiole width.
Head and mesosoma strongly reticulate-punctate and mat; petiole, postpetiole and gaster moderately reticulate and shining. Yellow pilosity on clypeus, mandibles and posterior end of gaster. Yellowish adpressed pubescence dense on antennae, moderate on head, petiolar node, postpetiolar dorsum, and gaster. Entire body yellow to dark yellow.




================================================================================

Psyche
[March
Figs. 1-3. Prosopidris papuana new species. Figs. 1 and 2, worker (Holotype). Fig. 1. Head, frontal view. Fig. 2. Mesosoma and petiole, lateral view. Fig. 3, female (Paratype) ; mesosoma and petiole, lateral view. Scale line: 0.40 mm.
Type locality : Bisianumu, near Sogeri, Papua, I 5-20 March, I 955 (E. 0. Wilson ace. 655).
FEMALE
Measurements: Based on 5 specimens collected with the workers: HL 0.60-0.62 mm; HW 0.46-0.47 mm; CI 76-78 ; SL 0.49-0.52 mm; SI 103-114; PW 0.46-0.47 mm; WL 0.83-0.85 mm; Meso- soma1 Index 54-57 ; Propodeal Spine L. 0.20-0.21 mm; SpI 23-25 ; Petiole L. 0.3 I -0.33 mm ; Petiole Height 0.20-0.2 I mm ; Petiolar Index I 46- I 67 ; Postpetiole W. 0.28-0.29 mm ; Postpetiole L. O. I 6 mm ; Postpetiolar Index 56-59.
Description: General form of mesosoma as in Figure 3. Head, antennae, clypeus and mandibles similar to worker. Ocelli slightly elevated. Eyes strongly convex, maximum diameter (in all specimens) 0.16 mm ; their anterior edges at a distance of 0.5 X their diameter from the lateral genal border. Propodeal spines longer and thinner than worker. Petiolar node and postpetiolar dorsum as in worker. Dorsal width of first gastric segment 2.2-2.4 X postpetiole width. Head and mesosoma strongly and coarsely reticulate-punctate and moderately shining; petiole, postpetiole and gaster moderately reti- culate and shining.
Yellow pilosity as in worker. Yellowish adpressed pubescence dense



================================================================================

19651 Reiskind - Cardiocondylini 83
on antennae, postpetiolar dorsum and gaster, and moderate on head and mesosoma.
Color as in worker, pterostigma pale brown, wing veins pale yellow; apical stub of wing vein Rs absent beyond cubital cell. MALE
Measurements:
Based on a single specimen collected with the workers: HL 0.59 mm; HW 0.47 mm; CI 81 ; SL 0.44 mm; SI 93 ; PW 0.36 mm; WL 0.75 mm; Mesosomal Index 48; Pro~odeal Spine L. 0.15 mm ; SpI 20; Petiole L. 0.34 mm; Petiole Height 0.21 mm; Petiolar Index 162 ; Postpetiole W. 0.29 mm; Postpetiole L. 0.15 mm; Postpetiolar Index 52.
Description: Ergatoid. 'General form as shown in Figures 4 and 5. Head with sides slightly divergent behind eyes, then strongly converging; posterior corners rounded; occipital border slightly concave. Scapes straight, their apices falling slightly short of the occipital border. Antennae 12-segmented. Funiculus and clypeus as in worker. Eyes strongly convex, maximum diameter 0.13 mm; their anterior edges at a distance of 0.7 X their diameter from the lateral genal border. Mandibles narrowly falcate, ending in a point. Frontal carinae more extensive than in the worker. Mesosoma high, in lateral view, with no promesonotal constriction, but with distinctly rounded humeral angles; mesometanotal im- pression and constriction clearly developed, but lacking an incised suture. Propodeal spines blunt; shorter and wider at base than in worker. Petiolar node and postpetiole dorsally, as in worker. Dorsal width of first gastric segment 2.0 X postpetiole width. Pro- and mesonotum strongly reticulate-punctate; rest of mesosoma, head, petiole, postpetiole and gaster moderately reticulate. Whole ant very shining.
Yellowish pilosity on clypeus and posterior end of gaster. Yellowish adpressed pubescence very dense on antennae, pronotum, mesonotum, gaster, and dorsa of petiole and postpetiole. Entire body yellow.
Gwitalia: General form shown in Figures 6, 7, and 8. Basal ring entire; the genital foramen inclined ventrally. Gonoforceps each with a lobate, hirsute ventrolateral subapical extension; a peculiar large ventrally directed curved tooth &rising on the ventral part of the inner face (Figure 8). Volsella hook shaped, its apex directed ventrally, the base swollen with a small acute ventrally directed tooth (Figure 8). Penis valves rounded apically, each with a row of fine teeth on its ventral edge.




================================================================================

84 Psyche [March
DORSAL
8
. . . . . . . .
VENTRAL
Figs. 4-8. Prosopidris papuana new species. Figs. 4-8, male (Paratype). Fig. 4. Head, frontal view. Fig. 5. Mesosoma and petiole, lateral view. Fig. 6. Genitalia, dorsal and ventral views. Fig. 7. Genitalia, left half, external lateral view, showing gonoforceps and basal ring. Fig. 8.
Geni-
talia, right half, internal lateral view, showing penis valve, volsella, gonoforceps and basal ring. Scale line: 0.40 mm., for Figs. 4 and 5; 0.15 mm., for Figs. 6, 7 and 8.
Type deposition: The holotype and most paratypes are deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Cam- bridge) Massachusetts (Type No. 3 I I 56) ) single worker and female paratypes in the Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO) Canberra.
Prosopidris sima Wheeler
Cardiocondyla (Prosopidri~) sima Wheeler, 1935, Psyche 42: 40-43, figs. The worker and female are adequately described (with figures of the worker) in Wheeler's paper. The measurements and indices applied above to Prosopidris papuana have also been applied to P, sima and are listed here:




================================================================================

19651 Reiskind - Cardiocondylini 85
WORKER
Based on 5 workers froam Wheeler's syntype series (MCZ Type No. 20798)' the lectotype (by present designation, so labelled) cited first) the others paralectotypes: HL 0.57 mm) 0.55-0.57 mm; HW 0.46 mm) 0.44-0.46 mm ; CI 80, 79-80; SL 0.5 I mm, 0.47-0.52 mm ; SI
I I I) 107-1 14; PW 0.34 mm) 0.33-0.34 mm; WL 0.68 mm, 0.67-0.68 mm; Mesosomal Index 50) 48-50; Propodeal Spine L. 0.20 mm) 0.18-0.20 mm; SpI 29, 26-29 ; Petiole L. 0.28 mm, 0.26-0.29 mm; Petiole Height 0.20 mm, 0.19-0.20 mm; Petiolar Index 141, 133-154; Postpetiole W. 0.23 mm) 0.23-0.24 mm; Postpetiole L. 0.16 mm) 0.1 5-0.16 mm; Postpetiolar Index 69) 64-71. Dorsal width of first gastric segment 2.1-2.3 X as wide as postpetiole. FEMALE
Based on three paralectotypes : HL 0.59 mm; HW 0.46-0.47 mm ; CI 78-81 ; SL 0.49-0.5 I mm ; SI 104-1 I I ; PW 0.46-0.47 mm ; WL 0.80 mm; Mesosomal Index 57-59; Propodeal Spine L. 0.21-0.22 mm ; SpI 27 ; Petiole L. 0.3 1-0.33 mm ; Petiole Height 0.20-0.2 I mm ; Petiolar Index I 48-1 67 ; Postpetiole W. 0.25-0.26 mm ; Postpetiole L. 0.16 mm ; Postpetiolar Index 63-65. Dorsal width of first gastric segment 2.3-2.4 X as wide as postpetiole. Type Locality : Dansalan) on Lanao Island, Philippine Islands. The following chart presents the major distinguishing character- istics of the two Prosopidris species considered above: ~t-osapidris ~ima Wheeler Prosopidris papuana n.sp. Worker
Anterior clypeal border straight.
Anterior clypeal border evenly con-
vex.
Mesosoma almost smooth, shining. Mesosoma mat, highly reticulate- punctate.
Yellow-brown. Yellow to dark yeI1ow.
Female
Anterior clypeal border flattened.
Anterior clypeal border evenly con-
vex.
Propodeal spines thicker than in Propodeal spines thinner than in worker. worker.
Pronotum shining, almost smooth. Pronotum highly reticulate-punctate. Pronounced lateral propodeal striae No clear propodeal striae. converging on propodeal spine.
Stub of vein Rs extending beyond the Stub of vein Rs beyond cubital cell cubital cell. lacking.




================================================================================

86 Psyche [March
'Ile author wishes to thank Dr. Robert W. Taylor of Harvard University for his invaluable assistance. BROWN, W. L. JR.
1953. A Revision of The Dacetine Ant Genus Orectognathus. Mem. Queensland Mus. 13 (1) : 84-104.
EMERY, C.
1917. Questions de nomenclature et synonymies relatives quelques genres et espkces de Formicides. Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1917: 94-97. WHEELER, W. M.
1935.
New Ants from the Philippines, Psyche 42: 38-52.



================================================================================