G. B. Fairchild.
Notes on Neotropical Tabanidae VIII. The Species Described by J. C. Fabricius.
Psyche 73(1):17-25, 1966.

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NOTES ON NEOTROPICAL TABANIDAE VIII.
THE SPECIES DESCRIBED BY J. C. FABRICIUS1 BY G. B. FAIRCHILD
Gorgas Memorial Laboratory, Panama, R. de. P. During the summer of 1964 I had the opportunity of studying the types of Neotropical Tabanidae in Copenhagen with the financial aid of a travel grant from the Bache Fund of the National Academy of Sciences.
The existing type specimens of all insects described by Johann Christian Fabricius have recently been reviewed by Dr. Ella Zim- sen (1964), of the Universitetets Zoologiske Museum in Copen- hagen. The present notes concern only the neotro~ical Tabanidae. Studies of the Wiedemann types in Copenhagen will appear elsewhere. Fabricius type material was for a long time present in the Museums at Kiel and Copenhagen, but the Kiel collection has recently been deposited in Copenhagen. The Kiel material was much damaged by pests, while the Copenhagen material is generally quite well pre- served.
I am greatly indebted to Dr. S. L. Tuxen for permission to study this material, and for comments on the results, and to Dr. Leif Lyneborg and Dr. Ella Zimsen, who helped greatly with advice and hospitality during my visit in Copenhagen. Wiedemann (1828) discussed and redescribed most of Fabricius' species, and later authors have largely depended on his interpretations, as he studied the Fabrician specimens. More recently Philip (1954, 1960) has reported on a number of the Fabrician types, selected lectotypes, and corrected certain misidentifications. In the following list all the supposedly Neotropical Tabanidae described by Fabricius are cited, together with brief notes on their present condition, tax- onomic status and whether deriving from the Kiel (K.) collection or the Copenhagen (C.) collection. Types of all but two species were seen. The species are listed alphabetically by modern genera, or subgenera, the genus in which they were placed by Fabricius added in parentheses where this differs. As to the localities from which Fabricius' material came, I do not have information more definite than given in his descriptions. It i? noteworthy, however, that all of his species from "America meridionali" except Chrysofis moerens and possibly Fidena analis, have since been taken in Surinam or the Guianas. The localities of ^Manuscript received by the editor February 12, 1966 17
Pnche 73:17-25 (1966). hup //psyche rinclub orgi73173-017.htw.I



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18 Psyche [March
the remainder, Brasilia, Cajennae, and Americae insulis, have also been confirmed by subsequent collecting. Acanthocera longicornis (Fab.) (Tabanus), I 775, Syst. Ent., p. 790, Brasilia. 1794, Ent. Syst., IV p. 371. Brasilia Mus. Dom. Banks. The species should date from 1775, not 1794, as given by Wiedemann and most subsequent authors. The descriptions are iden- tical. I did not see the type, which should be in B.M., but is ap- parently lost. The species is the type of Acanthocera Macq. 1834. Catachlorops rufescens ( Fab.)
(Tabanus), I 805, Syst. Antliat.,
p. loo, Amer, Merid. Dom. Smidt Mus. de Sehestedt. The single type (C.) is intact though faded and dusty. It is labelled "T. rufescens ex Am: Mer: Schmidt". Scutellum white-haired and white transverse bands on at least second to fourth abdominal tergites. Legs entirely dark. Beard, pleura and venter of abdomen entirely dark- haired. Labella large and wholly sclerotized, palpi slender, brown, black-haired. I give here figures of wing and head structures (Fig. I ) . Krober's ( 1939) C. rufescens is entirely different, while the type of his C. scutellat~us in British Museum agreed closely with notes and figures of type of rufescens Fab. (New synonymy). Chlorotabanus inanis ( Fab. )
( Tabanus), I 787, Mantissa Insect.
11, p. 356. Cajennae Dom. v. Rohr. The name should date as above not 1794 as given by subsequent authors. Philip and Fairchild (1956) have discussed the material in Copenhagen, which consists of but the pin and labels of the original specimen (K.) and another specimen (C.) in fair condition det. by Fabricius from Amer. Merid. Chrysops costatus (Fab.) (Tabanus) 1794, Ent. Syst. IV, p. 373, without locality ; I 805, Syst. Antliat. p. I 12, in America meridionali Dom. Smidt. Mus. Dorn Lund. There are three specimens (C.) all in good condition, one of which is labelled type. This agrees with current interpretations.
One of the others is C. ecuadoriensis Lutz or a related form. The name has been shown to be a synonym of C- variegatus (De G.) .
Chrysops laeta Fab. 1805, Syst. Antl., p. I 12, in America merid- ionali Dom. Smidt. Mus. Dom. Lund. Philip (1955) has dis- cussed the types and shown that laeta auct. is not Fabricius' species. There are 3 specimens, two (C.) in good condition, the other (K.) , ,
represented by wings only.
The specimen described as tuxeni by
Philip is formosa Krob., (New synonymy) while the Kiel specimen is probably C. varians var. tardus Wied. True laeta differs from most allied species by the much shortened discal cell. Specimens in



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19661 Fairchild - Tabanidae I9
Vienna labelled types are those studied by Wiedemann, and not, of course, true types. They are varians var. tardus. C. tenuistria Krob., whose type is lost, is very roba ably a synonym of laeta Fab. (NEW SYNONYMY).
Chrysops tristis (Fab.) (Tabanus) 1798, Ent. Syst. Suppl., p. 567, Cajennae Dorn. v. Rohr. Of the type (K) only the name label remains. Two others specimens (C.) are in the collection, one of which bears a Lectotype label by Philip. Although not strictly types, these specimens were surely studied by Fabricius and Philip's action seems justified in the interests of stability, especially since subsequent workers have applied the name to at least 3 other species. I have an agreeing specimen from Surinam.
Chrysops moerens ( Fab.) (Tabanus) I 787, Mantiss. Insect. 11. p. 356 Cajennae Dom. v. Rohr. The type now consists of a single wing (K.). It is not a Neotro~ical species and is discussed elsewhere ( Fairchild, I 966 in press).
Diachlorus bicincfus ( Fab.) (Tabanus) I 805, Syst. Antliat. p. 102, America meridionali Dom. Smidt. Mus. Dorn. Lund. The single type (C.) lacks one wing. It agrees with current interpreta- tions, and is type of the genus.
Diachiorus cw-vipes (Fab.) (Haematopota) 1805, Syst. Antliat., p. 107. America miridionali Dom. Schmidt. Mus. Dom de Sehestedt. There are 2 females labelled type (C.) in good condition, and another (K. j not labelled type lacking head and abdomen. The two types agree with current interpretations, the other specimen is too damaged for certainty, but is probably the same. DiachZorits podagricus (Fab.)
(Haematopota) 1805, Syst. Antliat.
p. 108. America meridionali. Dom. Smidt. Mus. Dom. de Sehestedt. Two females (C.) labelled type in good condition. The type of D. nigrithorax Krtib. 1930 in British Museum agrees with my notes on podagricus, and I believe is a synonym. (NEW SYNONYMY). Neither KrGber ( I 928) nor Lutz ( I g I 3 ) recognized the species. Dichelacera cervicornis (Fab) (Tabanus) I 805, Syst. Antliat. p. 100. America meridionali. Dom. Smidt. Mus. Dom. Lund. Two females in good condition (C.) are labelled types, another (K.) lacks head and abdomen, but is probably the same. All agree with current concepts (Fairchild and Philip 1960). Dichelacera damicornis (Fab.) (Tabanus) 1805, Syst, Antiliat. p. 101. America meridionali. Dom. Smidt. Mus. Dom. Lund. Two females in fair condition (C.) are labelled types. Another (K.) con- sists of but 2 legs and the wings. The types are as treated by Fair- child and Philip ( 1960) ; the Kiel specimen is probably the same.



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Fig. 1. Catachlorops rufescens (Fab.), palpi and proboscis, frons, an- tenna and wing.
Proboscis and frons are to same scale, antenna at twice this magnification and wing about half magnification of frons. Holotype. Dichelacera T. nigrum (Fab.) (Tabanus) I 805, Syst. Antliat. p. 101. America meridionali. Dom. Smidt. Mus. Dom. Lund. Two females in fair condition (C.) labelled type. Another (K) consists only of fragments of thorax and I wing. At least the types agree dons.
with current interprets .
Fulena analis (Fab.) (Pangonia) 1805, Syst. Antliat. p. 91. America mei-idionali. Dom. Smidt. Mus. Dom. Lund. The type



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Figs. 2 and 3. Fig. 2. Fidena analis (Fab.), head in side view. Holotype. Fig. 3. Tabanus trivittatus Fab., palpus. frons. antennae, all to same scale. Lectotype.
is a male, labelled "P. analis ex Am: Mer: Schmidt." It lacks most of third antenna1 segments, but is otherwise in good condition (C.). This is not the species so identified by Lutz (1909) or Krober
( I 930). The legs are bicolored, femora black, tibiae & tarsi yellow, beard and all thoracic hairs black. Clypeus pollinose dorsally, shiny laterally. Wings entirely glass clear, veins yellowish, blackish only at extreme base. Abdomen plump and inflated, the first two seg- ments blackish, dark-haired, the remainder yellowish or yellowish brown, wholly yellow-haired. Remains of antennae ell ow. First posterior cell narrowly open.
It is structurally similar to F. rhino-




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22 Psyche [March
phora Bell. and 8'. basilmis Wied., differing in lacking darkened basal cells and coloring. It is possible that Fidena oldroydi Barr. from British Guiana is the female of analis, but direct comparison of specimens has not been made, and I had not seen specimens of the former when I studied the type of analis. Oldroydi seems to differ in having the wing veins brownish and patches of silvery hairs on sides of tergite 2. A figure of the head of the type of analis is in- cluded here (Fig. 2).
Lepiselaga crassipes (Fab.) ( Haematopota) I 805, Syst. Antliat. p. 108. America meridionali Dom. Smidt. Mus. Dom. Lund. A single female (C.) labelled type is in good condition except for lack of antennae. It agrees with current interpretations. Phaeotabanus cajennensis (Fab.) Tabanus) 1787, Mantissa In- sect., 11, p. 355. 1794, Ent. Syst., IV, p. 366-367, Cajennae Dom. v. Rohr. The type (I<.) is fragmentary, with little remaining but shell of thorax and wings, and not determinable with certainty. An- other specimen (C.) has an old determination label and a Metatype label by Philip. It is well preserved, the fore femora and basal halves of others black, agreeing with the darker specimens of the species, as currently understood, common in northern S. America. Selasoma tibiale (Fab.) (Tabanus) I 805, Syst. Antliat. p. 102. America meridionali. Dom. Smidt. Mus. Dom. de Sehestedt. The type is intact, in good condition, and agrees with current concepts. Stenotabanus stiqma (Fab.) (Tabanus) 1805, Syst. Antliat. p. 104. Americae insulis. Dom. Smidt. Mus. Dorn. Lund. Bequaert (1940) examined and reported on the types, which consist of a male and female (C.) in excellent condition. Another specimen (K.) is fragmentary, only body and one wing remaining. I can add nothing to Bequaert's comments.
Tabanus indicus Fab. 1805, Syst. Antliat., p. 103, America meri- dionali Dom. Smidt. Mus. Dom. Lund. Two specimens labelled type. One bears a label with "T. indicus ex Tranquebar", the other unlabelled both are in fair condition and from the Copenhagen collection. The specimen from Tranquebar is an oriental species (Tranquebar is a town on the east coast of India). The unlabelled type is the common neotropical species currently being treated as T. lineola var. carneus Bell., but also represented by the types of T. dorsiger Wied. and T. dorsovittatus Macq. Philip (in press) has selected the Tranquebar specimen as lectotype, so the name will apply to an oriental species.
Tabanus lineola Fab. 1794, Ent. Syst. IV p. 369, America boreali Mus. Dom. Bosc.
As previously noted by Philip (1942)) a type



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19661 Fairchild - Tabanidae 23
specimen in the Kiel collection is fragmentary, consisting of wings, fore legs, part of thorax and first two abdominal segments almost completely denuded. Specimen bears an old label with "lineola" on one side and "49" on the other. The wings are glass clear, the costal cell not tinted and without appendix on third vein. Fore
coxae pale grey pollinose, white haired ; femora black, pale haired ; tibiae with basal half white, apical half and tarsi black. Thorax blackish with notopleural lobes reddish, as are sides of mesonotum. Scutellum destroyed by pests. First abdominal tergite yellow with a pair of small round submedian dark integumental spots nearly touching in mid-line. Between them there are the remains of a whitish pollinose streak.
Second tergite with a broad median dark
stripe which is somewhat forked at its posterior end and fails' to reach hind margin. This median dark integumental stripe is over- laid by vestiges of a narrow pale pollinose stripe. Nothing in the type contradicts present assignment of the name to- the Nearctic form, though absence of scutellum prevents certainty that it is not sub- similis Bell. Wholly clear wings rule out Neotropical forms except colomberzsis Macq., which has darker and less contrastingly marked tergites. Use of this name by Krober ( 1932) for southern Neotrop- ical material is unwarranted. The Bosc specimen, not found in Paris, is probably lost.
Tabanus pellucidus Fab. 1805, Syst. Antliat. p. 97, America meri- dionali Dom. Smidt. Mus. Dom. de Sehestedt. The type (C) bears an old label with "T. pellucidus ex Am: Mer: Schmidt". It is on an old short pin, is extensively denuded, lacks antennae, mouth parts, palpi, and all legs; hole in subcallus and base of abdomen beneath. The beard and fore coxae white. Abdomen above reddish with traces of white sublateral patches, beneath with broad sublateral white- haired longitudinal bands. Wing veins brown-margined, first pos- terior cell closed and petiolate. It agreed closely with a homotype of T. senior Wlk. in shape of frons and all else remaining, except that wing cell closed further from margin. Another specimen (K.) not labelled type, lacks head, legs and one wing and is very dirty and denuded. In this the cell is open, but the specimen too fragmen- tary for certain placement.
I believe the following names, whose
types I have seen, to be synonymous as noted elsewhere (Fairchild 1966a in press). T. crassicornis Wied. I 82 I, T. albibarbis Wied. 1824, 7". angustifrons Macq. 1847, T. alboater Wlk. 1850, T'. senior Wlk. 1850, 7"'. atricornis Big. 1892, and probably also Chelommia amazonensis Barr, 1949, of which I have not seen the type. The species is variable as to color, brown to black, and the first posterior



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24 Psyche [March
cell varies from open to long petiolate. The species was unrecognized by Wiedemann, whose description ( I 828 ') differs in notable respects rrom that of Fabricius, suggesting that he did not see the present type. Subsequent students have done no better with the brief and characterless description.
Tabanus quadripunctatus Fab. 1805, Syst. Antliat. p. 99. Amer- ica meridionali Dom. Smidt. Mus. Dom. de Sehestedt. The type (C.) bears an old handwritten label "T. 4 punctatus ex Am: Mer : Schmidt" and is on an old short pin. Palpi, proboscis and outer half of left wing missing, but otherwise the specimen in fair condition. I have nothing to add to Philip's ( 1960) comments on it. Tabamis trivittatus Fab. 1805, Syst. Antliat., p. 104, America meridionali Dom. Smidt. Mus. Dom. de Sehestedt. The type (C.) is labelled "T. 3 vittatus ex Am: Mer : Schmidt." and bears a red lectotype label of Philip's, who discussed the types ( 1954). The other specimen labelled type (C.) is det. Philip as dorsiger Wied. It lacks the shiny subcallus, but through oversight I did not compare it with the dorsiger type in Copenhagen. A final specimen (K) is fragmen- tary, lacking head and much of abdomen. What remains agrees with the lectotype. The lectotype has orange antennae, the style slightly darker. All femora black. Fore tibiae two-thirds, the others nearly entirely, white. Palpi yellowish, almost wholly black-haired. Frontal callus rugose. Wings very lightly tinted. The rather denuded abdomen shows an even middorsal stripe. I give here a drawing of the type (Fig. 3), which matches closely in proportions of frons and antennae my homotype of 7'. calloms Macq., though slightly larger. Specimens from Surinam are an even closer match to this figure, though I did not have them available in Copenhagen, unfortunately. REFERENCES
BEQUAERT. J.
1940. The Tabanidae of the Antilles. Rev. Ent. 11(1-2): 253-369, figs. 1-32.
FAIRCHILD, G. B. AND C. B. PHILIP
1960. A revision of the Neotropical genus Dichelacera subgenus Diche- lacera Macq. Studia Ent. 3 (1-4) : 1-86, PI. 1-7. FAIRCHILD, G. B.
1966. Some new synonymies in Tabanidae. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, in press.
FAIRCHILD, G. B.
1966a Notes on Neotropical Tabanidae VII. The species described by C. R. W. Wiedemann. J. Med. Ent.
In press.
KROBER, 0.
1925-1926. Die Chrysofs-arten Sud-und Mittelamerikas nebst den arten den Inselwelt und Mexikos. Konowia 4:210-256, 319-375, PI. 1-5.



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Fairchild - Tabanidae 25
Die Amerikanischen Arten der Tabanidensubfamilie Diachlorinae End. Beih. z. Arch. f.
Schiffs-u. Tropen-Hyg., etc., 32 (2) :73-123, figs. 1-26.
Die Tabanidengattung Sackenimyia Big. 2001. Anz., 90 (1-2) :1-12, figs. 1-6.
Das Subgenus Neotabanus der Tabanidengattung Tabanus s. lat. Rev. Ent. 3 (3) 537-367.
Das Tabanidengenus Catachlorops Lutz. Verhoff. deutsche Kol. Mus. Bremen, 2 (3) :211-232, pi. 13-16.
Tabaniden Brasiliens und einiger Nachbarstaaten. 2001. Jahrb., Jena, Suppl., 10 (4) :619-692. PI. 1-3.
Tabanidas do Brad e alguns estados visinhos. Mem. Inst. Osw. Cruz, 5 (2) :142-191, PI. 12-13.
PHILIP, C. B.
1942. Notes on Nearctic Tabaninae. Part 111. The Tabanus l'ineola complex. Psyche, 49 (1-2) :25-40.
1954. New North American Tabanidae, VII. Descriptions of Tab- aninae from Mexico. Amer. Mus. Novitates, NO. 1695, pp. 1-26, figs. 1-15.
1955. The types of Chrysops laeta Fabr. and a new species of Neotrop- ical deerfly in the Copenhagen Zoological Museum. Ent. Medd., 27 ~70-75.
1960. Further records of Neotropical Tabanidae, mostly from Peru. Proc. Calif, Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 3 l(3) :69-102, fig. 1. 1966. New North American Tabanidae XVIII, New species and ad- denda to a Nearctic catalogue Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer.. in press. PHILIP, C. B. AND' G. B. FAIRCHILD
1956. American biting flies of the genera Chlorofabanus Lutz and Cryftotylus Lutz. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 49 (4) :313-324. fig. 1 and PI. 1.
WIEDEMANN, C. R. W.
1828. Aussereuro~aische zweiflugelige Insekten, 1 :I-XXXII, 1-608, PI. I-VIb.
ZIMSEN, ELLA
1964. The type material of J. C. Fabricius. Copenhagen, 1964, pp. 1-660.




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