A. N. Zhelochovtzev and A. P. Rasnitsyn.
On Some Tertiary Sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) from Colorado.
Psyche 79(4):315-327, 1972.

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ON SOME TERTIARY SAWFLIES
(HYMENOPTERA, SYMPHYTA) FROM COLORADO
Through the kindness of Professor F. M. Carpenter (Harvard University, 'Cambridge, Massachusetts) we have managed to locate some Tertiary sawflies originally described by Professor C. T. Brues, Professor T. D. A. Cockerell, and Dr. S. A. Rohwer. Since the original descriptions and illustrations of the fossils are no longer adequate for present needs, we have revised the descriptions, pro- vided new illustrations, and revised the taxomic positions of the species. The drawings have been made by A. Rasnits~n and most of the determinations by A. Zhelochovtzev. We are indebted to Professor Carpenter for his help in locating this material and for providing us with photographs of those speci- mens which could not be loaned.
Family Xyelidae
Megaxyela petrefacta Brues
Figure I
Megaxyela petrafacta Brues, 1908: 271. fig. 10 . The distal position of the fork of SC, the straight lower margin of imcu cell and the large size of the insect confirm the memb,ership of this species in Megaxyela Ashmead. The species apparently differs from all Recent species of the genus by the narrower ovipositor, which is similar to that of Macroxyela Kirby. Material examined: Holotype No. 2049 (Musuem of Compara- tive Zoology, Harvard University), Oligocene of Florissant, Colo- rado.
Family Blasticotomidae
Runaria ostenta (Brues) comb. nov.
Figure 2
Paremfhyfus osfenfus: Brues, 1908: 265, fig. 6; Benson, 1942: 47. The completely reduced 4th antenna1 segment, the distal position of 2m-cu crossvein, and the short ovipositor allow us to include this species in the genus Runaria Malaise. It differs from Recent species by the enlargement of the head behind the eyes. 'Zoological Museum, University, Moscow, U.S.S.R. 'Palaeontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, U.S.S.R. Manuscript received by the editor June 16,1972



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Figure 1. Megaxyela petrefacta (Brues) (holotype). Cell indexes under- lined. (Scale line, 5 mm).




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19721 Zhelochovtzev å£ Rasnitsyn - Sawflies 317 Material examined : Holotype No. 2042 (Museum of Compara- tive Zoology, Harvard University), Oligocene of Florissant, Colo- rado.
Family Argidae
Sterictiphora konowi (Rohwer)
Figure 3
Schizocerus konowi: Rohwer, 1908b: 591.
The venation of this species is very similar to that of Sterictophora Billberg; however, it differs in that C is not dilated towards the top and by having a long and narrow praescutum bordered by broad furrows, with close transverse ribs inside them. Material examamined : Holotype No. 41 56 (Natural History Museum of 'Colorado, Boulder, Colorado), Oligocene of Florissant, Colorado.
Family Cimbicidae
Eopachylostictia byrami (Cockerell)
Figure 4
Amasis byrami: Cockerell, 1925: 10, pi. 2, fig. 5. Eopachylostictia byrami: Malaise, 1945 : 14. Genus Eopachylostictia was established by Malaise (1945) for Amasis byrami Cockerel1 mainly on the basis of the small photograph in Cockerell's paper of 1925. A larger and clearer photograph received from Professor Carpenter confirms Malaise's interpretation of the features of this fossil insect.
Material studied :
Photograph of Holotype No. 69 I 8 I (United States National Museum, Wa,shington), Eocene of Green River Shales, Colorado.
Family Tenthredinidae
Athalia ( ?) wheeleri (Cockerell), comb. nov. Figure 5
Eriocampa wheeleri: Cockerell, 1906: 500, fig. 2. The venation is similar to that of Athalia Leach, but it differs profoundly by the strong C of the fore wing. Other Tenthredinidae with such a C (some Selandriinae, Nematinae, etc.) possess quite a different venation. The fossil differs sharply from Eriocampa Hartig by its venation (especially in the region of the base of RS + M) and by the smooth thoracic sclerites. However, too many features are indiscernable in the photograph (and probably in the holotype) to place this fossil in Athalia with confidence.



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Figure 2.
Runaria ostenta (Brues) (holotype). (Scale line, 5 mm) . Figure 3. Sterictiphora konowi (Rohwer) (holotype) . (Scale line, 5 mm).



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19721 Zhelochovtzev &f Rasnitsyn - Sawflies 319 Figure 4. E~pach~lostictia byrami (Cockerell) (holotype) . (Scale line, 1 mm).
Figure 5. Athalia ( ?) wheeleri (Cockerell) (holotype) . (Scale line, 1 mm).




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320 Psyche [December
Material examined :
Photograph of Holotype No. I 88 I (Ameri- can Museum of Natural History, New York), Oligocene of Floris- sant, Colorado.
Fenusa parva (Brues), comb. nov.
Figures 6 & 7
Lzthoryssus parvus: Brues, 1906: 492, fig. 1; 1908: 272. Originally this was placed by Brues in the family Orussidae, but all features are typical of Tenthredinidae and indeed of the genus Fenusa Leach (sensu Ross, I 95 I ) . The fossil differs from Nefusa Ross, which has a similar venation, by the nearly homonomous basal segments of the flagellum.
Material examined: Specimens No. 2051-2052 and 2054 (Mu- seum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University), determined as Lithoryssus parvus by Brues and noted by Brues (1908); Oligocene of Florissant, Colorado.
Florissantinus angulatus gen. nov., sp. nov. Figure 8
'C moderately swollen before pterostigma. SC in form of a cross- vein before the junction of R and M. R + M long (half the length of the cell imcu). Cell 2r + 3r narrow, without cross-vein 2r-rs. RS between cells ir and 2rm developed. Cross-veins 2r-m and 3r-m are not preserved; im-cu converged with first absciss of M to the front margin of the wing. 2m-cu sharply bent inward of cell 2mcu, probably not reaching M. Cross-vein cu-a a little distal of the middle of cell imcu. AI and A2 fused for a little distance, both anal cells closed.
In hind wings cells r, mcu and cua closed, rm perhaps opened. Cross-vein m-cu oblique. Ovipositor as long as mesonotu~n, ovipositor sheath seeming to form 5-angled-area, narrowed toward the end. Length of the body, 4.5mm; of the forewing, 4.3mm. The completely reduced 2r-rs, converged M and im-cu, the ob- lique 2m-cu, which may reach M only basally of 2s-m, and the form of the anals indicate that this insect belongs to the tribe Nematini s. sti4. and that it is similar to Hemichroa Stephens, Platycampus Schiodte and Anoplonyx Marlatt. However, the straight M, not bent at the junctions of 2r-m and 2m-cu, and the short distance between the anal cells separate it from these genera, a very oblique 2m-cu apparently from all the Tenthredinidae. Material studied: Holotype No. 2053 (Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University), Oligocene of Florissant, Colorado.



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19721
Zhelochovtzev ‰â Rasnitsyn - Sawflies
Figure 6. Fenusa parva (Brues) (specimen No. 2051-2052). (Scale line, 2 mm).
Figure 7. Fenusa parva (Brues) (s,pecimen No. 2054). (Scale line, 1 mm).




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Figure 8. Florissantinus angulatus sp. nov. (holotype) . (Scale line. 1 mm).
Figure 9. Mesoneura ( ?) vexabilis (Brues) (holotype) . (Scale line, 3 mm).




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19721 Zhelochovtzev & Rasnitsyn - S'awflies 323 This specimen was incorrectly determined by Brues as belonging to Lithorvssus parvus ( 1908 : 272).
Mesoneura ( ?) vexabilis ( Brues) , comb. nov. Figure 9
Scolioneura vexabilis: Brues, 1908 : 262, fig. 4. L'tsconeura vexabllis: Rohwer, 1908a : 529 (Argidae, Schizocerinae) . Venation and form of antennae similar to those of Mesoneura Hartig. M. vexabills differs from recent species of the genus mainly by the broader radial cell.
Material examined: Holotype No. 2039 (Museum of Compara- tive Zoology, Harvard University), Oligocene of Florissant, Colo- rado.
Eohemichroa gen. nov.
Figure 10
Type species - Hemichroa eophila Cockerell, 1906: Oligocene of Florissant, 'Colorado.
First segments of antenna are long and broad, nearly as broad as the first segment of hind tarsus. In fore-wing SC occurs before R -I- M, the latter is not shorter than the greatest breadth of cell ir.
Cross-veins 2r-rs, 2r-m and 3r-m, as well as RS between ir and 2rm are present. 2r-m is situated far behind am-cu, im-cu is almost in the middle between the base of RS + M and 2m-cu. RS and M moderately diverging behind 2r-m, almost straight. Cell ia is closed, the distance between it and 2a nearly equal to a half of the cell ia length. First segment of hind tarsus long, a little shorter than half of the tibia.
Venation of the insect is very similar to that of Hemichroa Stephens, and differs only by the shorter distance between the anal cells. It also differs from Hemichroa by the stout antenna, the long first segment of the hind tarsus and the more slender body. Material examined: photograph of Holotype No. 18919 of Hemichroa eophila Cockerell (American Museum of Natural His- tory, New York) , Oligocene of Florissant, Colorado. Family Pamphiliidae
Acantholyda ( ?) caplani (Cockerell), comb. nov. Figures I I and 12
Cephaleia caplani: Cockerell, 1933: 186, fig. 1. This insect differs from all recent Pamphiliidae by the long cells I 1- and inxu (both less than twice as long as their widths). It also



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Figure 10. Eohemichroa eophila (Cockerell) (holotype) . (Scale line, 3 mm).
Figure 11. Acantholyda ( ?) caplani (Cockerell), (combined drawing from specimens No. 6307-6310). (Scale line, 10 mm).



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325
Figure 12. Acantholyda (?) caplani (Cockerell) (holotype). (Scale line, 3 mm).
Figure 13. Neurotoma cockerelli (Rowher) (holotype). (Scale line, 3 mm).




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326 Psyche
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differs from Neurotoma Konow by the narrow pterostigma, the more developed fore-branch of SC and the slender femora; it differs from Pamphilius Latreille by the post-ocellar area, which is enlarged forward, by the slender femora and the impressed area at the end of the last sternite of the female; it differs from Caen~lj~da Konow mainly by the short fore branch of SC. It is more similar to Acantholyda A. Costa and Cephalcia Panzer but it cannot be in- cluded in any of these genera with confidence since the main diagnostic features are indiscernible in the fossils. The small flagella seg- ments (smaller than the scape) of the fossil are more like those of Acantholyda; we therefore place it provisionally in this genus. Figure 11 is based on specimens numbered 6307-6310; figure 12 is based on the photograph of the holotype (made by F. M. Car- penter) ; in some details these two are not identical but the differences may be related to defects of preservation. Material examined : photograph of Holotype No. I 8626 ( Museum of University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado), and specimens num- bered 6307-6310 (Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University) ; Oligocene of Creede, Colorado. Neurotoma cockerelli Rohwer
Figure 13
Nwotoma cockerelli: Rohwer, l908a : 523. The reduced fore branch of SC, the broad pterostigma and the stout femora confirm the membership of this species in Neurotoma Konow. It differs from recent species by the occurrence of fore branches of the Y-shaped suture of the head. Material studied : photograph of Holotype No. I 8869 (Ameri- can Museum of Natural History, New York), Oligocene of Floris- sant, Colorado.
REFERENCES
BENSON, R. B.
1942. Blasticotomidae in the Miocene of Florissant, Colorado (Hymen- optera, Symphyta). Psyche 49 : 47-48.
BRUES, C. T.
1906. Fossil parasitic and phytophagous Hymenoptera from Florissant, Colorado. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 22: 491-498. 1908. New phytophagous Hymenoptera from the Tertiary of Florissant, Colorado. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 51 : 257-276. COCKERELL, T. D. A.
1906. Fossil saw-flies from Florissant, Colorado. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 22: 499-501.




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19721 Z helochovtzev &? Rasnitsyn - Sawfties 327 1925. Fossil insects in the United States National Museum. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 64 (13) : 1-15.
1933. A fossil sawfly from the Miocene shales near Creede, Colorado. Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 28(5): 186-187. MALAISE, R.
1945. Tenthredinoidea of Southeastern Asia with a general zoogeo- graphical review. Opuscula entomol., Supp. 4. ROHWER, S, A.
1908a. On the Tenthredinoidea of the Florissant shales. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist, 24: 521-530.
1908b.The Tertiary Tenthrediniodea of the expedition of 1908 to Florissant, Colorado. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2,4: 591-595. Ross, H. H.
1951. Suborder Symphyta. In: C.F. W. Muesebeck, K. V. Krombein, H. K. Townes. Hymenoptera of America North of Mexico. Synoptic catalog. Washington : 4-89.




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