M. D. Leonard.
The Immature Stages of Tropidosteptes cardinalis Uhler (Capsidae, Hemiptera).
Psyche 23(1):1-3, 1916.

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PSYCHE
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VOL. XXIII FEBRUARY, 1916 NO. 1
THE IMMATURE STAGES OF TROPIDOSTEPTES CAR- DINALIS UHLER (CAPSIDAE, HEMIPTERA)
BY M. D. LEONARD,
Ithaca, New York.
On June 10, 1908, Prof. C. R. Crosby first noticed that the leaves of an ash tree near the Cornell Insectary were being slightly injured by a Capsid which by that date had become adult. In the early spring of 1910 he prepared descriptions of the stages from nymphs reared on twigs forced out in the insectary, but no adults were obtained. In the spring of 1913 Professor Crosby called the writer's attention to the problem and the study of the immature stages of the insect was again taken up. The nymphs were redescribed and adults were obtained which were identified as Tropidosteptes cardinalis Uhler.
Detailed observations have not been made on the length of time required for the nymphs to complete their growth on the trees but on May 23, 1914, two first-stage nymphs were still present and, on June 4, the first fifth-stage nymph was observed. The insect spends the winter in the egg stage. The eggs are probably in- serted during late summer into the smaller twigs but have not been definitely located. The following descriptions of the nymphal stages are based on notes made during the spring of 1914 and of 1915. The drawings were made by the writer with the exception of that of the fourth nymphal stage which was made by Miss Anna C. Stryke. The injury to the foliage consists of a yellow spotting or stippling which in more severe cases causes the leaves to crumple in places.
Stage I (Fig. I): Length, .85 mm.; greatest width of abdomen, .45 mm. Ground color reddish; head strongly suffused with dusky; thorax with a large 1 Contribution from the Department of Entomology of Cornell University.



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2 Psyh [February
dusky spot on each segment, not reaching the lateral margin and interrupted by a median red line miming the length of the thorax. This latter crosses, for a short distance, a procurved line of red on the vertex which extends almost to the cephalic border of the eyes. Abdomen red, sometimes mottled with red of a darker shade; opening of dorsal gland indicated by a small dusky spot. Eyea dark reddish; aotemue pale, suffused slightly with dusky, paler at the tip of the segments, whole of last segment reddish and slightly swollen. hgs pale, suffused slightly with dusky, tarsi slightly darker. Be& same as legs, extreme tip somewhat darker. Stage II (Fig. 2): Length, 1.3 mm.; greatest width of abdomen, .7 mm. Ground color of head and tkotax shining dark red, but strongly suffused with black- ish, except the lateral margins, narrowly, of the thorax and a narrow median line which is as in preceding stage. Abdomen shining dark red, opening of dowal gland indicated by ft dusky spot. Eyes dwk reddish; antennas, beak and legs about the same as in preceding stage.
Stage I?I (Fig. 8): Length. 1.85 mm.; greatest width of abdomen, ,875 mm. Head and thorax now wholly suffused with blackish except for a narrow reddish median line which terminates on the vertex in a procurved line extending towards either eye. Abdomen shining d&rk red, opening of dorsal gland indicated by a blackish spot. Eyes dark reddish, antenna; pale yellowish, slightly grayish distally, terminal segment wholly reddish. Legs pale yellowish washed with grayish, much aa in preceding stages; twsi slightly dusky. Wing-pads just becom- ing apparent on meso- am1 mete-thorax.
Stage ZV (Fi. 4): Length, 13. mm.; greatest width, across wing-pads, 1,42 mm., giving body a very broad appearance. Head and thorax as in preceding stage.
First three abdominal segments and a transverse spot on fourth segment on either side of the gland blackish. Rest of abdomen red. Eyes dark reddish. Astenme .as in preceding stage. Legs pale yellowish, terminal segment of tarsi suffused with dusky; hind femora with two rather faint dusky rings near the tip. L'nder side of insect dark red; basal segment and extreme tip of beak blackish, remainder slightly tinged with pinkish. Wing-pads extend back to third abdominal segment. Stage V (Fig. 6) : Length, 3.8 mm.; greatest width, across wing-pads, 1.8 mm. "Head and thorax, hcluiKng wing-pads, now shining black, except for the narrow, red, median line which meets a procurved line of the same color on the head, as in the preceding stages. Abdomen shining black, hid border of each segment broadly red.
Eyes very dark reddish.
First three segments of the aniennte, yellowish, auffus̤ with dusky, especially at center of first segment and at tip and base of segments two wd three; fourth segment red. Legs yellowish, the second segment of the tarsi, tip of tibk, a band on tibii, and two more or less distinct bands on femora, dusky. Wing-pads extend back almost to sixth abdominal segment. Adult (Fig. S}-Fmale: Length, about 5.5 mm.; greatest width, about 2.5 mm. Dark red with a broad black stripe extending from hiad border of pronoturn, but not including scutellurn, to tip of wings. A small whitish spot on membrane
where it meets tip of cuneus.
Domum bare, finely punctate. Head shining, not punctate.
Front of head with a black median stripe starting about even with antenna1 tubercles and running a short distance onto first segment of beak. Eyes
Uftck.
Antennre shining black, clothed with fine, short, golden hairs. legs, except cosae and trochantem, shining black; fore and middle femora with a brownish



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PSYCHE, 1916.
VOL. XXIII, PLATE I.
LEONARD- Tropidosteptes cardinalis.




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