J. Douglas Hood.
Two New Thysanoptera from West Africa, with a Note on the Synonymy of the Phloeothripidae.
Psyche 23(1):6-12, 1916.

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6 Psyche [February
area of the protergum (Plate 111, Fig. 5). The mouthparts are all
larviform.
The basal joint of the antennae is larviform and chitin- ized; the remainder of the antennae is membranous and typically pupiform. The eyes are typically pupiform with a membranous area surrounding t'hem, which connects the eye with the larviform cheeks. The wing pads are well developed, but the elytral pads do not bear the normal striation found in typical pupa. The base of the wing pads is surrounded by a membranous area and the pads seem to arise in the spiracular area. The specimen measures 23 rnm. in length, the dorsum of the ninth abdominal segment measures 2.996 nun. in length, and 2.14 mm. in width. The first thoracic tergite is 1.498 mm. long.
This particular case of prothetely seems to be a carrying forward of larval characters into the pupal stage rather than a carrying back of pupal characters into the larval stages. Such being the case, it is possible and even probable that by the successful emer- gence of such a pupa some larval characters would be carried into the adult stage, and if such characters were of some material ad- vantage to their possessors natural selection might here find varia- tions which could lead to the production of such species with larviform adults as do exist in certain other Coleopterous genera. TWO NEW THYSANOPTERA FROM WEST AFRICA,
WITH A NOTE ON THE SYNONYMY OF THE
PHLCEO THRIPIDE.
BY J. DOUGLAS HOOD,
United States Biological Survey, Washington, D. C. The new species described below were sent to me in October, 1915, from Ossidinge, Kamerun, by Lieut. A. W. Jobbins-Pomeroy, of the Nigeria Regiment, West African Frontier Force. Partly in recognition of his devotion to entomology under such adverse cir- cumstances, and partly as a mark of personal regard, I have taken great pleasure in naming one of the species in his honor.



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Hood-Two New Thp~unopiera from West Africa Suborder TUBULIFERA Haliday.
Family PHLCEOTHRIPID~ L'zel.1
1836. Tubulifera (" Stirps et Fam. ") Haliday, Ent. Mag., Vol. 111, p. 441. 1895. Phlceothripidce Uzel, Monogr, Ordn. Thys., p. 223. 1896.
Tubuliferidce Beach, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., Vol. 111, p. 214. 1912.
Ecacanthothripidce Bagnall, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 8, Vol. X, p. 222. 1915.
Eupaihithripidce Bagnall, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XXXII, No. 220, p. 200.
In explanation of the above synonymy, it may be said that on the accompanying plate are given several detail drawings, which show the close similarity obtaining between Phloeothrips, Acan- thothrips, and Pselaphothrips, and, consequently, the relationship of all with Eupathithrips and Sedulothrips. They are discussed below under the species headings.
Acanthothrips nodicornis Reuter, Fig. 7. (Drawn from a specimen ex collection 0. M. Reuter, from Helsingfors, Finland.) It will be noted that the eyes of this species differ in no essential features from those of Pselaphothrips (Fig. 2); they are as finely and closely faceted, fully as prominent, very nearly as contiguous anteriorly and show almost as great a tendency to surround the ocelli; while on the ventral surface, it may be added, they are just as well separated.
Acanthothrips albivitta~us Hood, Fig. 6. The antennae of this
species are very similar to those of Pselaphothrips, in color, form, sand chsetotaxy. With but few exceptions, every bristle and every sense cone finds its analogue in Pselaphothrips (Fig. 3). Further-; more, the antennae are inserted more on the ventral than on the dorsal surface of the head; and the latter, while not crested dorsally, is nevertheless slightly elevated along the median line. Acanthothrips mgnafemoralis Hinds, Fig. 5. The third antenna1
segment is in this more slender than in the other species of the genus, and approaches the Pselaphothrips-Eupathithrips-Sedulo- thrips type very closely.
Phloeothrips coriaceus Haliday, Fig. 4.
(Drawn from a specimen
ex collection R. S. Bagnall, from Balsa11 Common, Warwickshire, 1 The names Bolothripidse, Thripidse, and Phloeothripidse were proposed by Uzel in 1895, and should be credited to him, instead of to Haliday. The latter proposed three family names- Coleoptrata, Stenoptera, and Tubulifera,-the last being employed also as a subordinal term. According to modern ideas, Haliday's names are invalid, because not formed from the oldest genus of the family by the addition of -ids to the root.



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8 Psyche [February
England.)
Here, again, the same general type of chsetotaxy prevails, the number and arrangement of sense cones and bristles being almost identical.
This disposes of all the characters used in the separation from the Phloeothripidse of the genera allied to Eupathithrips, with the exception of that of the long mouth cone. This character, however, frequently varies in closely allied species of the same genus; and in the genera grouping themselves about Liothrips; the mouth cone is sometimes as elongate as here.
These are, in detail, the reasons for the sinking of Bagnall's re- cently diagnosed family Eupathithripidse as a synonym of the Phloeothripidse. It will be seen that the twelve or thirteen differ- ences given by him for the separation of this group are broken down in a most interesting manner by the new genus described below as Pselaphothrips, which is in nearly all respects intermed- iate between EupathitJirips Bagnall and Acanthothrips Uzell; and the last genus is very closely allied indeed to Phlceothrips Haliday, the type of its family. Eupathithrips and its allies, then, for the present, at least, are best considered part of a moderately large complex represented by Phloeothrips, Ecacanthoihrips and Sedu- lothrips. The last two are the extremes of two different lines of specialization; and to separate either from the parent stem with the rank of family would, I believe, be a step backward, and one away from our ideal of a true phylogenetic classification. Genus Podothrips Hood.
1913. Podothrips Hood, Ins. Insc. Menstr., Vol. I, p. 67. Body depressed, glabrous. Head longer than wide, much narrowed toward base, widest behind eyes, about equal in length to prothorax, evenly declivous in front; cheeks nearly smooth, without spiniferous tubercles, Ocelli placed far forward, the median one between basal segments of antennse; posterior ocelli widely separated. Antennae eight-segmented, the last two segments not compactly united. Mouth cone blunt, much shorter than its width at base. Prothorax about as long as head, about twice as wide at base as at apex, lobed behind, with median dorsal thick- ening, lateral outline concave, only the two pairs of bristles at posterior angles well developed. Legs of moderate length, stout; fore femur nearly as long and broad as head; fore tibia with a stout tooth at tip in both sexes; fore tarsus armed with a lKarny's Acanthothrips grandis described from Argentina (Zool. Ann., Vol. IV, p. 324, 19121, is almost certainly a Eupathithrips, though a more extensive description or an exam- ination of the type specimen will be necessary before this point can be determined. There is nothing in the description to exclude the speeies from Eupathithrips silvestrii (Buffa).



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19161 Hood-Two New Thysunoptera from West Africa a long hooked tooth.
Wings slender, narrowed at middle; fringe sparse and weak, on fore wing not double along posterior margin near apex. Type: Podothrips semiflavus Hood.
The new African species described below has made necessary two or three slight changes in the original description of the genus. The two known species are strictly congeneric, t.hough differing abruptly in color and certain details of structure. a.
Yellow, with head, sides of metathorax, and last three abdominal segments abruptly dark brown; cheeks rounded behind eyes, not toothed Podothrips semifiaviis Hood.
aa.
Dark blackish brown, with antennal segments 3-7, the fore tibiae, all tarsi, and first abdominal segment yellow; cheeks with a distinct, lateral, acute tooth behind eyes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Podothrips denticeps Hood. Podothrips denticeps sp. nov.
Female: Length about 1.8 mm. Surface shining. Color dark blackish brown,
with antennal segments 3-7, fore tibiae, all tarsi, and first abdominal segment, pale lemon yellow; wings pale yellowish, darker toward base. Head 1.35 times as long as wide, with a distinct, lateral, acute, and more or less forwardly directed tooth just behind eye, thence arcuately converging to near base, where there is a slight neck-like constriction; vertex rounded and evenly declivous; dorsal surface without sculpture; cheeks very slightly roughened, sparsely and briefly spinose; postocular bristles slightly knobbed, two-thirds as long as eyes, situated close to lateral margins of head. Eyes one-third as long as head and three- fourths as wide as their interval, not protruding, ventral extent very slightlyless than dorsal. Ocelli anterior in position, the posterior pair near the anterior angle of eyes, the median ocellus between basal segments of antennse. Antennae nearly 1.5 times
as long as head, moderately slender; segment 1 slightly broader at base than ventral length; 2 narrower than 1, nearly twice as long as wide; 3 elongate-oval, pedicellate, with a slight notch on inner surface at basal third, nearly twice as long as wide; 4-6 elongate-oval, subequal in length and successively decreasing in width, briefly pedicellate, 4 slightly broader than 2 and 3; 7 slender, very slightly longer than 6, about 2.4 times as long as wide; 8 fusiform-truncate, very slender and nearly 0.9 as long as 7, about four times as long as greatest width; sense cones and bristles un- usually short and weak; segments 1,2, and 8 nearly concolorous with head, 2 yellow in outer apical half; intermediate segments clear lemon yellow, except 7, which is lightly washed with brown.
Prothorax about five-sixths as long as head and (inclusive of coxse) twice as wide at base as at apex and 0.7 as long as wide; lateral outline concave; surface smooth; median dorsal line distinctly chitinized; all usual bristles present, the anterior mar- ginal pair visible only under highest magnifications; the anterior angular and mid- lateral pairs only slightly larger; the two pairs near the posterior angles and the coxal pair knobbed, nearly as long as postoculars. Pterothorax about as wide as



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*lo Psyche [February
base of prothorax, sides nearly straight and parallel. Legs moderately stout; fore
femur nearly as long as head and about twice as long as greatest width; fore tibia stout, scarcely as long as width of femur, with a stout, prominent tooth on inner side of apex, just basal to which is a setose tubercle; fore tarsus with a long, strong, hooked tooth about two-thirds its length, the inner surface of tooth with a setose tubercle at apical two-fifths.
Wings long, slender, weak, slightly suffused with yellowish (particularly toward base), without double subapical fringe. Abdomen slender, slightly wider than pterothorax. Tube nearly 0.6 as long as head, basal fourth slightly swollen, nearly 2.5 times as wide as apex; terminal bristles brown, about 1.5 times as long as tube; all other abdominal bristles pale, in great part knobbed.
Measurements of holotype (female): Length 1.81 mm.; head, length 0.252 mm., width 0.186 mm. ; prothorax, length 0.205 mm., width (inclusive of coxse) 0.300 mm. ; pterothorax, width 0.288 mm.; abdomen, width 0.307 mm.; tube, length 0.144 mm., width at base 0.074 mm., at apex 0.030 mm. Antenna1 segments: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Length(p) .............. 39 52 51 48 46 47 48 42 Width(u) .............. 40 28 28 29 27 25 20 11 Total length, 0.373 mm.
Described from a unique female collected by Lieut. A. W. Jobbks-Pomeroy, on grass, near Ossidinge, Kamerun, in October, 1915.
Genus Pselaphothrips nov.
($f\Aa.<j>cru, to feel1 ; Qpt$, a wood worm.) Body not depressed.
Head much less than twice as long as wide, and more than twice as long as prothorax, compressed and subcarinate above; cheeks nearly parallel, not at all swollen toward base, and with a few small spiniferous tubercles; vertex sulcate and nearly overhanging in front of anterior ocellus. Eyes moderate in size, finely and closely faceted, scarcely prominent or protruding, well separated anter- iorly, slightly reniform, exhibiting little tendency to surround the ocelli. Ocelli anterior, not set on an elevation, the median one directed nearly forward, the pos- terior pair approximate. Antennae eight-segmented, nearly twice as long as head, scarcely "set on ventral surface of head," moderately slender, intermediate seg- ments stout (that is, for the group; in the genotype scarcely three times as long as wide), clavate, distally abruptly narrowed; sense cones long and slender. Mouth cone very long and slender, attaining base of mesosternum. Prothorax broadly arcuate (scarcely emarginate) in front, its median dorsal length more than one-third the width across coxse. Legs moderately slender; fore femora not swollen, with an acute tooth on inner surface near apex; fore tarsi armed. Wings slender, of equal width throughout; fore pair with a subbasal dark band and many accessory hairs on posterior margin.
Type: Pselaphothrips pomeroyi sp. nov.
1 In reference to the apparently very sensitive antennas,-although the function of the conidia is presumably olfactory instead of tactile.



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19161 Hood-Two New Thysanopfera from West Africa 11 This genus is closely allied to Acunthothrips, Euputhithrips, and Sedulothrips, but differs from the last two in a number of characters which Bagnall considers of family importance. From Acantho- thrips it may be separated by the long mouth cone and the com- pressed and subcarinate dorsum of the head. It is the only member of the Euyuthithrips group occurring outside the Neotropical re- gion.
Pselaphothrips pomeroyi sp. nov.
Female: Length about 3 mm.
Color dark blackish brown, with purple hypo- dermal pigmentation in head, thorax, and abdomen; antennae and legs concolorous with body; tube paler in apical half.
Head 1.44 times as long as wide, compressed and subcarinate above; cheeks nearly parallel, not at all swollen toward base, anteriorly roundly converging to eyes, set with a few small spiniferous tubercles; vertex silicate and nearly overhang- ing in front of anterior ocellus; postocular bristles short, scarcely one-fourth as long as eyes, dilated at tip. Eyes very finely and closely faceted, not at all protruding, nearly 0.4 as long as head, well separated anteriorly, slightly reniform, showing little tendency to surround the ocelli. Ocelli anterior, not set on an elevation, the median one directed nearly forward and distinctly removed from the approximate posterior pair. Antennse about 1.9 times as long as head, moderately slender, uni- form dark blackish brown in color; segments 3-6 clavate, abruptly narrowed apic- ally, urn-or vase-shaped, 3-5 about 2.7 and 6 about 2.4, times as long as wide; 7 fusiform-truncate, closely united to 8, which is conical; 4 slightly longer than 3; sense cones long, slender, broad at base, those on segment 3 more than half the length of segment; formula: 3, 1-2; 4, 2-2+l; 5, 1-l^; 6, 1-1+1; 7 with one on dorsum near apex. Mouth cone and palpi very long, the former acute and attain- ing metasternurn.
Prothorax broadly arcuate (scarcely emarginate) in front, its median dorsal length about 0.43 of that of head and 0.37 of the width across coxae; pronotum nearly smooth, with faint anastomozing lines in posterior third and at sides, and with rather conspicuous short pubescence; median line slightly chitinized; all usual bristles present, and with an additional accessory pair arising mediad and cephalad to the base of the outer posterior pair, all short, dilated at tip, equal to or longer than postoculars, the outer pair at posterior angles longest. Pterothorax about equal in width to prothorax, sides nearly straight, slightly converging posteriorly. Wings long, closely fringed, fore pair with about 35 accessory hairs on posterior margin, and of equal width throughout; fore wings with the scale dark brown and in costal half reticulated similarly to the mesonotum; a dark brown, stippled, granulate, cross band occupies the second sixth, and a lighter brown cloud the apical two-fifths of fore wing, these connected and at least partially traversed by the dark median vein, and in addition connected along both margins of wing by a brown line; third basal spine of fore wing, dark brown, long, slender, and slightly knobbed at tip, set in a small, isolated, stippled, brown spot; first and second basal spines pale, short, stout, and rather strongly dilated at tip, surrounded by an obscurely darkened and sparsely stippled area. Legs moderately slender; fore femora not swollen, with an acute



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